7m). JAMES' STANDAED SPOETDia SERIES, No. 4' 



r 



^ /-. 








BY E F? J" AM E S.N.'i 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 



§]^p — §m^ 1" — 

Shelf j_!J-'L9» 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



Digitized by the Internet Archive 
in 2011 with funding from 
The Library of Congress 



http://www.archive.org/details/practicaltraininOOjame 




GEOKGE SEWAKD, THE AMEEICAN WONDER, 
who ran 100 yards in OJsecs. 



PRACTICAL TUAmiNG 



RUMiNG, WALKmG, wmm, 

V/RESTLING, 
BOXING, JUMPING, 

AND 

ALL KINDS OF ATHLETIC FEATS 



TOGETHER WITH 



TABLES OF PROPOETIONAL MEASUREMENTS 

FOR HEIGHT AND WEIGHT OF I^IEN 

IN AND OUT OF CONDITION; 

INCLUDING 

HINTS ON EXERCISE, DIET, CLOTHING, AND 
ADVICE TO TRAINERS; 

ALSO, 

BAmiNG'S SYSTEM OF REDUCING CORPULENCY, 
BECOED. OF FAST ATHLETIC PEEFOEMANCES. 

^^ ED. JAMES, 

AUTHOB OP "MANUAL OF SPORTING EULES," "THE GAME COCK," 
"TEEEIER DOGS," ETC., ETC. 



■ll.U|l. : 

NEW YORK: '■'-'^ ' 
PUBLISHED BY ED. JAMES, 88 & 90 CENTEE STEEET, 

NEW YOEK CLIPPER BUILDING. 

18 77. 
Frice Fifty Oentis. 



Twenty-fourth Edition. 






Entered according to Act of Consfress, in the year 1878, 

BY ED. JAMES, 

in the oface of the Librarian of Congress, Washington, D. C. 



PREFACE, 



Notwithstanding that so many books have "been "written on PhtsicaIi 
CuLTUEE, there still remained a large field to be covered — hence the 
publication of the present volume. Great care having been taken 
in its compilation, we feel confident that the work will be in every 
sense of the word practical ; so that those who desire may follow 
whatever their fancy prefers in athletic sports, in a creditable manner. 
In our opinion, the general usefulness of the book could in no way 
be improved upon; but, in order to be thoroughly posted ia the laws 
governing athletic contests, the "Manual of Sporting Eules," as 
a companion to this work, will be found very beneficial. The table 
of Proportional Measurements, according to height and weight, will 
form a good guide for the athlete as to his special muscular develop- 
ment. Banting's System of Beducing Corpulency, though not exactly 
intended for training purposes, is not to be despised, containing, as 
it does, much interesting and reliable information, on the subject of 
diet especially. To comiolete the treatise, and in order to prove 
what can be done by man when in proper physical condition, we 
add a record of the best athletic performances. 



CONTENTS-. 



InTEODUCTOEY PAGE 5 

Advice to Trainers 7 

Training for Pedestrianism 10 

Sleep 14 

Clothing 14 

Time and Dnration of Training for Eunning .4f 15 

Sprint Eunning 16 

Quarter and Half Mile Eunning 18 

One Mile Eunning and upwards 18 

Hurdle Eacing 18 

Hints In, Before, and After tlie Eace 19 

Training Practice, Fair Walking, etc 20 

Higli Jumping .1 23 

Broad Jumping , 24 

Hammer Throwing 25 

Putting the Stone 26 

Training for Eowing, etc 27 

Training for Long Distance Contests. 36 

Training for Base Ball 42 

Advice to Business Men and others 43 

The late John Morrissey's Views 49 

Training in Eegard to Pugilism and Wrestling 51 

Principal Muscles used by the Athlete .^ 53 

Temperament 54 

Growth and Decay s. 55 

Meats, etc., to be Avoided 57 

Natural Sweating 58 

Artificial Sweating 58 

Sweating Liquors 58 

Treatment of the Feet, Hands, Sinews, etc 58 

Soft Corns 60 

Hard Corns 60 

Hardening the Flesh 60 

Bunions 60 

Boils 60 

Strains 60 

Sprains 60 

Chapped Hands, etc 60 

Blisters 60 

Exercise, Sun Baths, etc 61 

Baths — Hot, Cold, etc 62 

Thirst, Medicine, etc 64 

Weight as Proportional to Height 64 

Weight when in Condition for Athletic Feats 65 

Banting on Corpulency 65 

EecQid of Best Athletic Performances 68 



PRACTICAL TMININa 



PKELIMINAEY EEMARKS. 

[According to Chables Westhatx, a physician, as wdl as one of 
EnglancCs greatest pedestrians. "[ 



PEDESTEiAmsM, from its being the basis and priacipal agent 
in securing a thorough and perfect training to all who 
may have, from choice or necessity, to undergo a great- 
amount of physical exertion, may be considered the chief 
feature in the preparation of men for all contests in which 
great strength, speed, and wind may be required. From 
this point of view the science of walking will be treated in 
the present work; for whether a man may have entered 
in an engagement to run, walk, jump, swim, row, or box, 
no training can be thoroughly accomplished until the 
athlete has undergone a certain amount of exercise on 
foot, and reduced his superfluous weight to such an 
extent that he can follow up his peculiar forte with fair 
chance of improvement, or at least so that he may not 
have to stop short from sheer want of wind or strength. 

Pedestrianism, which has before been stated to be more 
or less indispensable to the man undergoing preparation, 
from its healthful and beneficial effect upon the human 
frame, is of most vital importance in keeping the required 
equable balance which should exist ia every constitution, 
w^hether robust or otherwise. Good training is as requis- 
ite to any man who wishes to excel, as it is to the thorough- 
bred race-horse. A man who is fleshy and obese might 
as well attempt to compete with a well-traioed mail as the 
race-horse that has been fed for a prize-show to again 
enter the lists with his highly-prepared and well-tr.iioed 
contemporaries. A man may be endowed with every req- 



PEACTICAL TEAINING. 



Tiisite in health, strength, muscle, length, courage, bone, 
and all other qualifications ; but if untrained, these quali- 
fications are of no value, as, in every instance, a man or 
horse, well-trained, of much inferior endowments, has al- 
ways under the circumstances proved the victor. Good 
condition, which is the term used by trainers to indicate 
the perfect state of physical power to which the athlete 
has arrived, is one of the greatest safeguards to his health ; 
as, in many instances, severe and long-continued exertion 
when unprepared has had an injurious and continuous 
effect on tlie constitution, and, in some few but fortunately 
almost isolated cases, produced almost instant death. 
These few words are not alone intended for the man who 
has to compete, but for a great portion of mankind, who 
go through the regular routine of life day after day, their 
business being sometimes performed with apathy, and the 
remainder of their time passed in excessive smoking, eat- 
ing, drinking, sleeping, sitting, or any small pet vice to 
which they may be addicted. That such a man can under- 
go the same process of training as the professional who 
has an engagement to perform some arduous task against 
time or a fleet antagonist, we do not ask or expect — his 
occupation would not allow the same time; but the asser- 
tion that he would perform his allotted duties with more 
pleasure to himeelf and more satisfaction to all concerned 
if he were to submit to undergo a partial training, is a 
truth that ought to be tested by all who have any regard 
for continued good health. Were this system carried out 
to even a small extent, the physician would have cause to 
lament the decline of his practice, and the advertising 
quack become a nonentity. As a proof how necessary 
training is considered by the professional, it is only requis- 
ite to ask any pedestrian of note for his candid opinion to 
satisfy the most incredulous. The higher in the pedestrian 
grade the man may be to whom the question may be put 
the better, in consequence of his having gone through the 
whole performance, from novicehood upwards ; and, in 
every instance, it will be found that more than one of his 
defeats will be attributed to want of condition (proper 
training) arising from neglect of work or other causes, 
such as carelessness in diet, want of practice, and, in some 
instances, from the neglect of the precepts attempted to be 
inculcated by his trainer. Most of the above mistakes 
have arisen from overweening confidence in his own powers, 
or from underrating his adversaries' abilities. However 




CHARLES ROWELL. 
Champion Long-distance Pedestrian of the World. 




WILLIAM GALE, 

who walked 4,000 quarter miles in 4,000 consecutive 10 
minutes. 



PKACTICAL TRAINING. 7 

■'Willing and thoughtful he may have been, these contretemps 
have almost invariably been the fate of ail our leading 
athletes, not only in the pedestrian circle, but in the ring, 
on the water, and in all sports in which a great lead has 
ever been taken by man. He will inform the querist that 
he will require from a month to two months for his prep- 
aration, and if he has been out of practice for some time, 
even more — thus showing to the dullest intellect the req- 
uisite time and attention needed ; for if a man who has 
shone pre-eminent in the sphere he has chosen for his ex- 
ertions, and has had the benefit of previous trainings, must 
again undergo the same ordeal as heretofore, a man totally 
untrained must at least requke the same preparation, as 
well as a greater amount of practice, to fully develop his 
particular forte as a pedestrian. To sum up in a few words, 
training is a complete system of diet and exercise duly 
carried out and strenuously adhered to. From the mode 
of hfe which almost all lead, the health becomes impaired, 
and the only remedy will be discovered by him who fol- 
lows the principle of training in some form or other, the 
more simple the better. That the same system of training 
will suit all constitutions, it would be absurd folly to ad- 
vance ; or that the same amount of work and strictness of 
diet is requisite for a man about to run a race of one hun- 
dred and twenty yards, as for a struggle of an hour's dura- 
tion, would be equally preposterous. Nevertheless, the 
groundwork of training arises from the benefits derived 
from regular diet and steady exercise. Training will bring 
out all the hitherto latent powers of the athlete, raising the 
man who has previously been considered almost a nonentity 
into pubUc notice, the one of mediocre calibre into the first 
rank, and thoroughly develop the excellencies, etc., of the 
first-class proficient to an extent that will not only surprise 
himself, but his associates and long-tried friends and 
backers. 

Training is the process of getting a man who has to ^^er- 
form any muscular feat from a state of obesity and almost 
total incapabihty into a perfect state of health, which is 
shown by the great increase of strength, activity, wind, 
and power to continue great exertion and pace to the 
extent of his endowments. It is this acquired power 
which enables the pedestrian to j)ers8vere in his arduous 
task, apparently in despite of nature, which, but for his 
thorough preparation, would have long before been utterly 
prostrate. So much is depending on, and so many results 



8 PEACTICAL TEAINING. 

accniing to the efficiency of the trainer, that a few worda 
of friendly advice to that official will nofc be out of place; 
for although the veteran has learned the precepts given 
below by heart, yet there is always a beginning to all 
occupations. As a rule, a great pedestrian is not qualified 
at the outset of his career as a trainer to undertake the 
care of most men, in consequence of there being a leaven 
of the remembrance of the manner in which he went 
through his work, etc., which will in most instances render 
him less tolerant than is requisite to the man of mediocre 
talent. Another difficulty is to find one with sufficient 
education and forethought to be able to study the different 
constitutions of the men under his rule. The above are 
only a few of the objections; but all are of consequence, so 
much depending upon the treatment of the man independ- 
ent of his daily routine of exercise and diet. The man 
who goes first into training is like an unbroken colt, and 
requires as much delicate treatment. The temper of the 
biped ought to be studied as carefully as that of the quad- 
ruped, so that his mind can be carefully prepared for his 
arduous situation, which is one of abstinence, and in some 
cases total deprivation, which always tries the patience 
and frequently the temper of the competitor, who in these 
cases should be encouraged by word and example, showing 
that the inconveniences he is undergoing are but the pre- 
liminary steps to the attainment of that health, strength, 
and elasticity of miiscle which have caused so many before 
him to accompHsh almost apparent impossibilities. Such a 
trainer is worth a hundred of those who have no judgment 
in the regulation of the work which a man may take 
without in any way making him anxious to shun his duty 
or to turn sullen. Let the trainer bear in mind and 
always remember that a fit of ill-temper is as injurious to 
the man in training as any other excess. In many in- 
stances, from a supposed well-founded cause of complaint, 
a continued civil war has arisen in the cabinet, which has 
not been quelled, perhaps, until the dissension has had a 
very serious effect in destroying the pedestrian's confidence 
in his trainer's capabihties and temper, as well as throwing 
back the trained man most materially in his advance 
towards condition. Nevertheless, the mentor should be 
firm in his manner, intelligible in his explanations, and by 
no means bigoted in his favorite notions respecting the 
use of any particular medicine or "nostrum" which he may 
think may be requisite to the welfai-e of his man. The 



PRACTICAL TEAIOTNG. 9 

trainer, of course, is known or supposed to be of sterling 
integrity, and having the welfare of his man as his first 
aim; and on this in a great measure depends the monetary 
interests of the man and his backers. We are sorry to 
have to mention that such a man is requisite as a trainer, 
but consider it necessary, to mention it, as, if the trainer is 
not honest, and has not his heart in the well-doing of his 
man, all the pains taken by the pedestrian would be 
nullified and rendered of no avail. The trainer must be 
vigilant night and day, never leave his man, and must act 
according to his preaching, and be as abstemious, or nearly 
so, as his man, whom it is his duty to encourage in im- 
provement, to cheer when despondent, and to check if 
there are at any time symptoms of a break-out from the 
rules laid down — but at all times he must, by anecdote, 
etc., keep the mind of his man amused, so that he may not 
brood over the privations he is undergoing. Let the 
trainer not forget that cleanHness is one of the first rules 
to be attended to, and that the bath can hardly hurt his 
man in any season if only due precautions be observed, 
always bearing in mind that it is a preventive instead of a 
provocative to colds, catarrhs, and the long list of ills 
attendant upon a sadden chill. The duration of the bath 
is, of course, to be limited, and a brisk rubbing with coarse 
linen cloths until the surface is in a glow will always be 
found sufficient to insure perfect safety from danger. Of 
course, the amount of medicine required by any man will 
depend upon his constitution as well as the lowness of his 
nervous system, in some cases there being no occasion to 
administer even a pui'gative. But these are the times 
when the skill of the trainer is brought into requisition, 
and if he knows his business he will in these instances give 
his man stimulating and generous diet until he is enabled 
to undergo the necessary privations to get him into a 
proper state to be called upon to work to get into condi- 
tion. In no instance ought he to allow his man to sweat 
during the days on which he has taken a purgative 5 as in 
many instances men have been thrown back in their prepa- 
ration, or, as it is professionally termed, "trained off." 
The best test when all the superfluous flesh has been 
trained off by sweating, by long walks or runs, as the case 
may be, is taken from the faii'ness and brightness of the 
skin, which is a certain criterion of good health. The 
quickness with which perspiration is dried on rubbing with 
towels, sufficient leanness and hardness of the muscles, is 



10 



PEACTICAL TEAININa 



also the right test that reducing has been carried to the 
proper extent. 



TEAININa FOE PEDESTRIANISM. 
Theke being so many classes of individuals who may de- 
rive benefit from training, each of whom have different 
modes of living, and whose particular line of excellences 
are as different from each other as light from dark, it 
must be patent to all that the same system carried out to 
the letter v/ould not have the same beneficial effect on 
all, the more especially in the dietary system, which, in 
almost every case, would require some change, as no 
two men have ever scarcely been found to thrive equally 
well on a stereotyped rule. The pedestrian alone com- 
prises a class by itself, which is subdivided into as many 
different ramifications as there are other sports and pro- 
fessions that require severe training ; therefore, as pedes- 
trianism is the groundwork of all training and all excellence 
in athletic games, it is the intention to give the hints req- 
uisite for the man who is matched to get himself sufficiently 
well in bodily health and bodily power to undergo his prac- 
tice with credit to himself and trainer, and justice to his 
backers. In all engagements for large amounts there is 
almost invariably a trainer engaged to attend to the man 
who is matched, who is supposed to thoroughly understand 
his business ; therefore these few words are not intended 
for the guidance of those in the said position, but for those 
who may wish to contend for superiority, for honor, or 
small profit. The same amount of work and strict regimen 
is not requisite for the sharp burst of a hundred yards or 
so, that it is imperative on the trained man to undergo if 
in preparation for the more arduous struggle of a mile's 
duration ; but, as stated before, the theory of the practice 
is the same. Westhall found that the more work he had 
taken at the commencement of his traming, after having 
undergone the requisite medical attention, the easier and 
better his fast trials were accomplished when hard work 
was put on one side and daily practice took place against 
a watch. Yet he, in pedestrian language, could race up 
to a hundred and sixty yards, but not finish two hundred 
properly — could run three hundred yards and a quarter of 
a mile, but yet not be equally good at three hundred and 
fifty. The same was found to be the case at the different 
distances up to a mile, which is the farthest distance he 



PEACnCAL TRAINING. 11 

Lad practiced. The first and primary aim ouglit to be the 
endeaTOr to prepare the body by gentle purgative medi- 
cines, so as to cleanse the stomach, bowels, and tissues 
from all extraneous matter, which might interfere with 
his abihty to undergo the extra exertion it is his lot to 
take before he is in a fit state to struggle through any 
arduous task with a good chance of success. The num- 
ber of purgatives recommended by trainers are legion, 
but the simpler will always be found the best. A couple 
of anti-bilious pills at night, and salts and senna in the 
morning, has answered every purpose. It is reasonable, 
however, to suppose that anyone who has arrived at suffi- 
cient years to compete in a pedestrian contest has found 
out the proper remedies for his particular internal com- 
plaints. The internal portion of the man's frame, there- 
fore, being in a healthy condition, the time has arrived 
when the athlete may commence his training in proper 
earnest; and if he be bulky, or of obese habit, he has no 
light task before him. If he has to train for a long-distance 
match, the preparation will be almost similar, vzhether for 
walking or running. The work to be done depends very 
much on the time of year. In the summer the man should 
rise at five in the morning, so that, after having taken his 
bath, either shower or otherwise, there will have been time 
for a slow walk of an hour's duration to have been taken 
before sitting down to breakfast — that is, if the weather be 
favorable; but if otherwise, a bout at the dumb-bells, or 
half an hour with a skipping-rope, swinging trapeze, or 
vaulting-bar, will be found not unfavorable as a good 
substitute. Many men can do without having any nour- 
ishment whatever before going for the morning's walk, but 
these are exceptions to the rule. Most men who take the 
hour's walk before breaking their fast feel faint and weak 
in their work after breakfast, at the commencement of their 
training, and the blame is laid on the matutinal walk ; 
when, if a new-laid egg had been beaten in a good cup of 
tea, and taken previous to going out, no symptom of faint- 
ness would have been felt, although it is expected some 
fatigue would be felt from the unwonted exertion. The 
walk should be taken at such a pace that the skin does 
not become moist, but have a good healthy glow on the 
surface, and the man be at once ready for his breakfast at 
seven o'clock. The breakfast should consist of a good 
mutton chop or cutlet, from half a pound upwards, accord- 
ing to appetite, with dry bread at least two days old, or 



12 



PEACnCAIi TRAINING. 



dry toast, washed down with a cup or two of good tea 
(about half a pint in all), with but little and if possible no 
milk. Some give a glass of old ale with breakfast, but it 
is at this time of the day too early to introduce any such 
stimulant. After having- rested for a sufficient time to have 
allowed the process of digestion to have taken place, the 
time will have arrived for the work to commence which is 
to reduce the mass of fat which at this time impedes every 
hurried action of the muscle and blood-vessel. This por- 
tion of the training requires great care and thought, for 
the weight of clothing and distance accomplished at speed 
must be commensurate with the strength of the pedestrian. 
At the commencement of the work a sharp walk of a 
couple of miles out, and a smart run home, is as much as 
will be advisable to risk. On the safe arrival at the tram- 
ing quarters, no time must be lost in getting rid of the wet 
clothes, when a thorough rubbing should be administered, 
after which he should lay between blankets, and rubbed 
from time to time until the skin is thoroughly dry. Most 
of the leading pedestrians of the day now, when they come 
in from their run, divest themselves of their reeking flan- 
nels, and jump under a cold shower-bath, on emerging 
from which they are thoroughly rubbed down, which at 
once destroys all feeling of fatigue or lassitude. In a 
few days the pedestrian will be able to increase his dis- 
tance to nearly double the first few attempts at a greater 
pace, and with greater ease to himself. After again dress- 
ing, he must always be on the move, and as the feeling 
of fatigue passes away he will be anxiously waiting for 
the summons to dinner, which should come about one 
o'clock, and which should consist of a good plain joint 
of the best beef or mutton, with stale bread or toast, 
accompanied by a draught of good sound old ale, the 
quantity of which, however, must be regulated by the 
judgment of the trainer. It has been found of late years 
that extreme strictness in all cases should be put on one 
side, and a small portion of fresh vegetables allowed, such 
as fresh greens or potatoes ; and, in some instances, good 
light puddings have been found" necessary to be added to 
the bill of fare when the appetite, from severe work or 
other causes, has been rendered more delicate than usaal. 
The continued use of meat and bread, unless the man 
has a wonderful appetite and constitution, will once, if not 
more, in almost every man's trsiiniug, pall upon his palate, 
when the trainer should at once tfy the effect of poultry 




CELEBRATED SINGLE-SCULL OABSMEK, 
1 Chas. E. Courtney. % V/. Ross. 3. Jas. H. Riley. 

4. Ed. Tnckett. 5. Ed. HanloD. 6. E. C. Laycock, 

V- Warren fcimith. 8. J. Higgms. 9. W. Elliott. 




FEANK HABT, 
Second Winner of the O'Leary Champion American Belt. 



PRACTICAL TEATNING. 13 

or game, if possible ; but, at any rate, not give the trained 
man an opportunity of strengthening his partial dishke 
to his previous fare. In cases like these, the only wrong 
thing is to persevere in the previous diet ; for if a man 
cannot tackle his food with a healthy appetite, how is it 
possible that he can take his proper share of work ? The 
quantity of ale should not exceed a pint, unless there has 
been a greater amount of work accomplished in the morn- 
ing than usual, when a small drink of old ale at noon 
would be far from wrong policy, and a good refresher to 
the imbiber. Wine in small quantities is sometimes bene- 
ficial, but should not be taken at all when malt liquors are 
the standard drink. If it is possible to do without vnne, 
the better. The chief thing in diet is to find out what 
best agrees with the man, and which in most instances will 
be found to be what he has been most used to previously. 

x4iter a thorough rest of an hour's duration, the pedes- 
trian should stroll about for an hour or two, and then, 
divesting himself of his ordinary attire', don his racing gear 
and shoes, and practice his distance, or, at any rate, some 
portion of the same, whether he is training either fOr run- 
ning or walking. This portion of the day's work must be 
reg-ulated by the judgment and advice of the trainer, who 
of course is the holder of the watch by which the athlete is 
timed, and is the only person capable of knowing how far 
towards success .the trained man has progressed in his 
preparation. It is impossible for the pedestrian to judge 
by his own feelings how he is performing or has performed, 
in consequence of, perhaps, being stiff from his work, weak 
from reducing, or jaded from want of rest. The trainer 
should encourage his man when going through his trial 
successfully, but stop him when making bad time, if he is 
assured the tried man is using the proper exertion. The 
rule of always stopping him when the pedestrian has all his 
power out, and yet the watch shows the pace is not "up to 
the mark," should never be broken; for the man who so 
struggles, however game he may be, or however well in 
health, takes more of the steel out of himself than days of 
careful nursing will restore. If stopped in time, another 
trial may be attempted on the following day, or, at any 
rate, the next but one . In a trial for a sprint race, which 
of coui'se must be run through to know the time, if the day 
is any way near at hand, suppose a week or ten days off, 
total rest should be taken the following day until the after- 
noon, when another trial should take place, when a differ- 



14: PKACTICAL TEAININa. 

ence in favor of tlie pedestrian will in most instances be 
found to have been accomplished. In Westhall's experi- 
ence in sprint racing there has been invariably the above 
successful result. Of course, after the trial a good hand 
rubbing should be administered, and the work of the day 
be considered at an end. Tea-time will now have arrived, 
and the meal should consist of stale bread or toast and tea, 
as at breakfast, and, if the man has a good appetite, a new- 
laid egg or two may be added with advantage. In the sum- 
mer a gentle walk will assist to pass away the time until 
bed-time, which should be at an early hour. Before getting 
into bed another good rubbing should be administered, and 
the man left to his repose, which will in most cases be of 
the most sound and refreshing character. 



SLEEP. 

Of this eight hours is an outside limit, and from six 
to seven will generally be found sufficient, retiring to 
rest not later than 11 p. m., and rising from about 6 a., m. 
to 7.30. A. M., according to circumstances. The bedroom 
window should always be kept open at top and bottom, 
shghtly in winter and wide in summer. Foul air generated 
by the human breath is never more hurtful than in a bed- 
room. Too much clothing should not be placed over the 
chest v\^hilst sleeping, as by so doing respiration is more 
labored, and the legs and extremities, not the trunk, 
require extra covering for purposes of warmth. A mattress 
should be always used to sleep on, never a feather bed. 
High pillows and bolsters are very injurious. The natural 
height to which the head should be raised in sleep is about 
the thickness of the upper portion of the arm, which con- 
stitutes the pillow as designed by nature. 



CLOTHING. 

Flannel should be worn next the skin throughout the year, 
but beyond this no restriction is necessary when in mufti. 
The best attne for running is a pair of thin merino or silk 
drawers, reaching to the knee and confined round the 
waist by a broad, elastic band. For the upper part of the 
body a thin merino or silk Jersey is the best. No covering 
for the head is usually worn, but, in a race of such long 
duration as a seven miles walking or ten miles running 
contest, it is advisable to wear a cap or straw hat if the 



PEACTICAL TEAININa. 15 

rays of tlie sun are very powerful. For running, tliin 
shoes made of French calf, and fitting the foot like a kid 
glove when laced up, are worn. The sole should be thicker 
than the heel, and contain four or five spikes, the lacing 
being continued almost down to the toe. For walking 
races, the heel should be thicker than the sole, and 
containing a few sparrow-bill nails, none being required in 
the toes. Chamois leather socks, just covering the toes, 
but not reaching above the top of the shoe, are the best 
adapted for running. Ordinary merino socks, but not 
thick and heavy like worsted ones, and worn over the 
chamois leather covermgs, are the best for walking, r s they 
prevent the dust and grit raised from the path from getting 
between the shoe and the foot. Except for sweating pur- 
poses, heavy clothing should never be worn in practice, the 
gait and stride being much impeded thereby. A piece of 
cork of an elongated, egg shape should be grasped in each 
hand while walking or running. 



TIME AND DUEATION OF TKAINING FOR 
RUNNING. 

The foregoing are the foundation rules which constitute 
training, but of course they require modification according 
to circumstances, which must be left to the judgment of 
the pedestrian or the trainer, if he has that necessary aux- 
iliary to getting into good condition. For instance, the 
man has had too much sweating and forced work, in conse- 
quence of which he is getting weak, and, in the profes- 
sional term, " training off." 'This will easily be recogrdzed 
by the muscles getting flaccid and sunken, with patches of 
red appearing in different portions of the body, and the 
man suffering from a continual and unquenchable thirst. 
These well-known symptoms tell the trainer that rest must 
be given to the pedestrian, as well as a relaxation from the 
strict rule of diet. A couple of days' release from hard 
work will in most cases prove successful in allaying the 
unwelcome symptoms, and far preferable to flying to pur- 
"gatives for relief. 

The space of time which will be required by a young and 
healthy man will be from six weeks to a couple of months; 
but longer than this, if possible, would be preferable — ^not 
that it would be really wanted to improve on the mere 
physical condition of the man, but to enable the pedestrian, 
when able, to go to any limit as regards exertion, and to 



16 PEACTICAL TBAIOTNG. 

have time for practice at his particular length; for, however 
fit a man may be as regards the proper leanness, if unprac- 
tised he woT:dd have no chance of success. The principal 
rules of training, therefore, are regularity, moderate work, 
and abstinence; the other adjuncts are but the necessary 
embellishments to the other useful rules. "When training 
for running a long distance — say from four to ten miles — 
the man should most decidedly practice daily; for the 
shorter length going the whole distance, and for the longer 
vary the distance, according to the state of health on the 
day, as well as whether the weather be fine or otherwise. 
For a short race of a hundred or two hundred yards^ the 
pedestrian, after the body is in good health, does not re- 
quire very much severe work, but the distance must be ac- 
complished at top speed at least once daily, and about the 
same time of the day that the match will take place, if pos- 
sible. The same iiQes, with comparatively more work, will 
apply up to 440 yards — a quarter of a mile — after which 
distance more work becomes necessary. 



SPEINT EUI^NING. 

Let the novice, some five weeks or so before the day of his 
race, begin his practice by a steady run, three or four times 
a day, of a quarter of a mile or so; so gently at first as to 
produce no stiffness of the muscles when the temperature 
produced by the exercise has subsided, and the circulation 
has recovered its usual condition. "When the novice has 
got his legs into moderate good fettle, so that they could 
stand a little sharp work, he might quicken up for about 50 
yards in each of his quarter spins; and as he finds these 
spins can be accomplished without the slightest strain on 
any muscle, the long distances may be condensed into two 
a day, and two sprints of his distance at about a fifth longer 
time than he would take in the race. By this means the 
muscles get worked up by degrees to bear the necessary 
strain required. 

As he finds his muscles become hard and flexible, he 
should lessen the length of his spins until they are of the 
same length as in the race. This point will be arrived at 
some nine days or so before the day, and in these nine days 
all his energies must be devoted to practicing starts and get- 
ting quickly into stride. As the day approaches, let hinj 
obtain the services of some sprint runner to use as a trial 
horse; and the best way of turning his trial horse to ac- 



PRACTICAL TRAININa. 17 

count is by making him start slowly some 10 yards in the 
rear, and, as he passes the noYice, who is ready at the 
scratch, let him quicken up into racing pace for about 50 
yards. By this means the novice is encouraged to get off 
quickly, and a surer line can be taken as to improvement in 
starting than if the trial and himself started on even terms. 
Again, the tendency of all you^g runners to watch their ad- 
versary at the start is counteracted, the opponent in this 
way being in advance, with a straight course only left open 
for the novice to the goal. So' many sprinters, from stand- 
ing in a wrong position at the scratch, or from taking a 
longer stride with one leg than the other, jostle or run across 
their opponent in the spin, thereby either losing their own 
chance of success or depriving others of it. A bad begin- 
ning makes a bad end, and nothing is so detrimental to a 
sprinter as a bad start. He may get shut out, he loses his 
stride, or perhaps get spiked by the man who has crossed 
him; and when he does get into proper swing, he is too far 
behind to be able to make up what was lost at the begin- 
ning. Avoid walking long distances; they rather tend to 
stiffen the muscles and make them slow. Never miss your 
race; if you can only get one spin daily, make the most of 
it. Always run in form — that is to say, as you would in the 
race, on your toes, with an easy, springing action of the 
thighs. In the race keep your eyes well on the tape, and 
never lessen your pace when in front, or let misgivings dis- 
turb you when behind; your opponent may have the pace 
of you and not be able to stay. It is better to be a good 
second than nowhere. Every race you engage in will in- 
crease your experience and give you confidence for the next 
time. Good time for 100 yards ranges from 11 seconds to 
10 J, according to the ground, &c. The top speed is seldom 
obtained until 40 yards are covered. A good sprinter Avill 
generally beat two others in 200 yards, each to run 100 
yards with him on end. For sprinting, wind is not such a 
desideratum as elasticity of muscle. The shorter the dis- 
tance, the greater care and practice should be made in start- 
ing; the longer you have to sprint, the greater will be the 
necessity for working up the muscles. In practice, run 
with as slight clothing on as possible; buff is to be 
preferred. The action of the air on the skin keeps 
up a healthy flow of blood to the surface, and vnll do 
more towards a beneficial reduction of weight than any 
amount of sweatings, baths, or other appHances of the 
old school. 



18 PRACTICAL TEAINING. 

QUAKTEK AND HALF MILE BUNNING. 

A QUARTER of a mile is, perhaps, next to the 300 yards, the 
most patronized of any. Assuming our trainee to be in ro- 
bust health, the muscles should be gradually accustomed to 
the exercise by slow spins of half a mile each, two or three 
times a day, taking about from 3min. to 2min. 25sec., ac- 
cording to the individual, to do it. When the distance is 
accomplished with comparative ease, practice style and pace 
for about 300 yards to 350 y^rds to within about a week of 
the race, when the whole distance may be run, two or three 
times at top speed for 400 yards, slower the last 40. Ease 
up the practice in the last three days, merely working up 
pace for 100 yards or so. The same method of training will 
suit the half mile runner, with the exception of his spins be- 
ing longer, and more attention paid to an equal pace of go- 
ing. The quarter requires more speed than the half mile; 
consequently that point must be attended to. A steady, 
machine-like style of going pays best for the half mile 
runner. 



ONE MILE KUNNING AND UPWAEDS. 

In practicing for a mile race and upwards, a long, steady 
course of slow running must be gone through to get the 
limbs and the wind gradually accustomed to the work. As 
they improve, quicken your pace, and for mile running 
practice half a mile or so in about 2min. 20sec., until the 
wind becomes good; then lengthen the daily sj^ins to three- 
quarters of a mile fast, and the last quarter slowly. Never 
do much work the last few days, but have a few fast spins 
of 300 yards or so, to keep the muscles in form. In longer 
distance training, the same steady practice must be follow- 
ed, with this exception, that, instead of practicing pace, 
rather get the condition of wind and muscle up as high as 
practicable, and reserve your energies for the day of the 
race. 



HUKDLE EACING. 

The usual hurdle race distance is 120 yards, with 10 
flights of hurdles 3ft. 6in. high and 10 yards apart. This 
gives a run of 15 yards at both ends. The quickest way of 
g^etting over them is by taking them in stride, or technically 
bucking them. If the ground is firm and level, this can be 




HAERY VAUGHAN, 

The Famous English Long-distance Walker. 




JOHN HUGHES, 
First "Winner O'Leary International Belt. 




DAN'L O'LEARY. 



PRACTICAL TRAINING. 



19 



done, and three strides will take the jumper from hurdle to 
hurdle, the fourth taking him over. Should the ground be 
uneven, slippery or heavy, great care is required in bucking 
them. Touching the top bar will inevitably be followed by 
a fall or a stumble sufficient to put the jumper out of the 
race. In bucking, the spring is taken from one leg, and 
the ahght comes on the other; so that the jump, instead of 
being an actual interruption of the regular strides, as hap- 
pens when the spring and the alight come on the same leg, 
is merely an exaggerated stride. The advantage of buck- 
ing is apparent to anyone who has tried both systems un- 
der favorable circumstances, and who is strong enough to 
bear the strain which the high hurdles require. The lower 
the hurdles are, the greater is the superiority of bucking 
over jumping. To acquire the art of taking the hurdles in 
stride, practice over jumps about 2ft. Gin. high, at the proper 
distance apart, until the style is learnt. 



HINTS IN, BEFOKE, AND AETER THE RACE. 

-In sprinting, a good start is of such importance that we 
would suggest a careful practice in it. It is a curious fact 
that a novice will invariably start with one foot a yard or 
so behind the other, either with the body bent down low, 
or with the body erect, and swinging the arms as if they 
were the means of propulsion about to be trusted to. In 
the former case, he runs one yard more than his distance, 
in the latter he exhausts and unsteadies himself. Start 
with both feet within six inches of one another, the weight 
of the body resting on that foot which is farthest from the 
scratch, and the toe on the side nearest the goal, just 
touching the ground, and ready to take the jSrst step over 
the mark; the body must be kept well up, so that the 
first spring is taken steadily and in a straight line. As 
this method is the quickest for getting off the mark, it will 
apply to every description of pedestrianism. 

Before any contest, when you are stripped, take a trot to 
get the limbs into order and keep them warm; the muscles 
will be less hkely to get strained if well heated beforehand. 
In running with a chicken-hearted man, race at him, and, if 
you feel done, fancy that he feels worse. Run as straight 
to the goal as possible; it is the nearest way home, and 
therefore the quickest. The arms should be kept well up, 
and moved in the direction of the course, and not swung 
across the body. Any scrambhng in the race iy fatid to a 



- 'i 
.■ V 

(J 

20 tEACTICAL TEATNING. |J/ 

good walker; the motion of his legs should be mechanical. 
In walking races, if a stitch bothers you, keep well on, 
and try and forget it; it will never last long if you are in 
good condition. In a race with heats, after a heat he down 
on your back, and keep the legs raised up, in. order that the 
blood forced into the extremities by the exercise may be as- 
sisted by its own gravity to return to the trunk. Rest is 
the best cure for a strain, and is much assisted by cold wa- 
ter appHcation. In a strain of the internal organs, their 
complexity renders repair a more difficult operation, as 
they do not allow of repose; recourse should therefore be 
had to a physician. 

Running on the toes on a path is to be recommended, as 
enabling a longer stride to be taken, and giving an easier 
motion to the body, and less jar at each step. In heavy 
ground, however, it is of little use, as the sinking of the toe 
in the soil interferes with the spring, and necessitates a 
larger surface of the foot to get a purchase for the next 
stride. 

Never in practice run with many clothes on; if the 
weather is cold, clothe in proportion. The action of the 
air on the skin increases its healthy vigor. A piece of cork 
is often held in each hand to grasp while running. In a 
long distance race, wrinsing the mouth out with warm tea 
with a little brandy in it, and munching a crust, will often 
take away any dryness of throat. Never commence fast 
sprinting in practice unless the muscles are thoroughly 
warm. Strains would seldom happen if this was attended 
to. Fruit fresh picked is not to be discarded. A small 
quantity, when ripe, wiU often give tone to the stomach 
and cool the blood. Of dried fruits, figs are supposed to 
be the most serviceable. 



TRAINING PRACTICE, FAIR WALKING, ETC. 

Walking is the most useful and at the same time most 
abused branch of athletic sports ; not so much from the 
fault of the pedestrians as from the inability or want of 
courage of the judge or referee to stop the man who, in his 
eagerness for fame or determination to gain money any- 
how, may trespass upon fair walking, and run. Walking 
is. a succession of steps, not leaps, and with one foot always 
on the ground. The term "fair toe and heel" was meant 
to infer that, as the foot of the back leg left the ground, 
and before the toes had been lifted, the heel of the fore- 



PEACTIOAIi TRAINING. 21 

dnost-foot should be on the ground. Even this apparently 
simple rule is broken almost daily, in consequence of the 
pedestrian performing with a bent and loose knee, in 
which case the swing of his whole frame when going at 
any pace will invariably bring both feet off the gTound at 
the same time ; and although he is going heel and toe, he 
is not taking the required succession of steps, but is in- 
fringing the great and principal one, of one foot being 
continually on the gTOund. The same fault wiU be brought 
on by the pedestrian leaning forward with his body, and 
thereby leaning his weight on the front foot, which, when 
any great pace is intended, or the performer begins to be 
fatigued, first merges into a very short stride, and then into 
a most undignified trot. There is no finer sight among the 
long catalogue of athletic sports, more exhilarating and 
amusing to the true sportsman, than to see a walking- 
match carried out to the strict letter of the meaning, each 
moving with the grandest action of which the human frame 
is capable, at a pace which the feeble frame and mind is 
totally unable to comprehend, and must be witnessed to be 
believed. To be a good and fair walker, according to the 
recognized rule among the modern school, the attitude 
should be upright, or nearly so, with the shoulders weU 
back, and the arms, when in motion, held well up in a bent 
position, and at every stride swing with the movement of 
the legs, well across the chest, which should be weU thrown 
out. The loins should be slack, to give plenty of freedom 
to the hips, and the leg perfectly straight, thrown out from 
the hip boldly, directly in front of the body, and allowed 
to reach the ground with the heel being decidedly the first 
portion of the foot to meet it. The movement of the 
arms, as above directed, will keep the balance of the body, 
and bring the other leg from the ground, when, the same 
conduct being pursued, the tyro will have accomplished 
the principal and most difficult portion of his rudiments. 
This wiU in a very short time become natural to him, and 
the difficulty wiU be the infringement of the correct man- 
ner. The novice having learned how to walk, and being 
matched, requires training, which must be under the same 
rules as have been laid down previously, with the difference, 
however, that his sweats must be taken at his best w^alking- 
pace, the trot by aU means being totally barred. A con- 
tinued perseverance in the practice of this rule wiU enable 
the pedestrian to persevere, notwithstanding all the sliin- 
aches, stitches, and other pains attendant on the proper 



22 PEACnCAIj TEAININa 

training for a walking-matcli, and which every man must 
undergo before lie can be considered worthy of being 
looked upon as a fast and fair walker. The tyro must not 
be discouraged with his first feeble and uncertain attempts 
if they should not come up to his crude anticipations, but 
bear in mind that, although the accomplished pedestrian 
goes through his apportioned task with great apparent 
ease, he has gone through the rudiments, and that nothing 
but great practice has enabled him to perform the apparent 
impossibilities which are successfully overcome almost 
daily. Therefore the young walker must take for his motto 
** Perseverance,^' and act up to the same by contmued 
practice. The man training for a match should walk some 
portion of his distance, if weather permits, daily, in his 
walking-dress, which should consist of a hght elastic shirt, 
short drawers, and Hght Oxford ties. . On starting, he 
must go off at his very best pace, and continue it for at 
least three hundred yards or a quarter of a mile, by which 
time he will have begun to blow very freely, and then, 
getting into a good, long, regular stride, his principal aim 
must be to keep his legs well in advance of his body. 

The rule of getting away fast in trials should be invari- 
ably carried out; ii prepares the man for a sharp tussle 
with his opponent for the lead, and will hinder him being 
taken off his legs in the match. When tired he can also 
ease his exertions ; but if he is in the habit of going off 
at a steady gait, in the generahty of instances he is virtu- 
ally defeated in a match before he has commenced racing. 
Moreover, he must, when undergoing distress from the 
pace he has been doing, never by any chance cease his 
resolute and ding-dong action; for distress, if once given 
Way to by easing, will of course leave the sufferer, but at 
the same time all speed has also departed, and not for a 
short space of time either, but sufficiently long for the 
gamer man, who would not succumb to the inevitable re- 
sult of continued severe exertion, to obtain such an ad- 
vantage as would be irrecoverable, as well as to conquer 
the aches and pains which invariably leave the well-trained 
pedestrian when the circulation and respiration become 
equalized — "second wind" it is better known by. After 
this happy and enviable stage of affairs has been reach- 
ed the work becomes mechanical, and the pedestrian 
from, time to time is enabled to put on spurts and dashes 
that would astonish himself at any other time when 
not up to thorough concert pitch. The recovery from 



PRACTICAL TEAINING. 23 

these electrifying dashes is almost instantaneous, and 
the pedestrian keeps on his satisfactory career until sheer 
fatigue gradually diminishes his speed, although none of 
the previous aches and pains are present. The trainer 
must not forget the previously-mentioned rule of stopping 
the man when good time is not the result of his best 
and hardest exertions, as that bad time proves unerringly 
that something must be amiss which requires looking to 
thoroughly. As well might the engineer of a locomotive, 
on finding out that some of the internal works of his engine 
were out of gear, put on all his steam, and then wonder at 
the machinery being out of order at a future time of trial. 
One word more. Let the man continually bear in mind 
that "it is the pace that kills," and that slow walking never 
made a fast race or fast man ; let him practice at his best 
pace, which will daily improve. The commencement of 
fast work will most likely bring on pain of the shins, Vv hich 
will be sore after the exertion has been discontinued, as 
well as other portions of the frame being in the same pre- 
dicament. Hand-rubbing with a stimulating embrocation 
(of which the recipe is appended) before a good fire will 
in most instances be all that is requii^ed; but if obstinate, 
a hot bath wiU insure the removal of all the obstinate 
twitches, etc. The shoes for match-walking should be of 
the lightest description commensurate with strength for 
the distance required. They should be of sufficient width 
and length to give the muscles and tendons of the foot 
full play, without being in the shghtest degree cramped. 
They should be laced up the front, and care taken that the 
lace is sound and new. So much importance is attached 
to this, that stout wax-ends are now invariably in use. 
Some advocate the use of boots; but, although stated to 
be useful if there is any weakness of the ankle — a pedes- 
trian with weak ankles! — is there no cold water? — ihe heat 
generated by them would certainly counterbalance the sup- 
posed benefit ; and there is the difference in the weight, 
which would teU at the finish of a long match. 



HIGH JUMPING. 

Begin by gentle runs of about three hundred yards, with 
a few low jumps, say ten, about three feet high. Practice 
over these jumps for a few days until the stiffness of the 
muscles wears off, and then gradually raise them to four 
feet or four feet six inches. If this height cannot be cleared 



24 PEACTICAIi TRATNINa. 

easily, place the jumps at the most suitable height. Care 
must be taken to do them quickly and neatly. The run be- 
tween may be slow, but the jumps should always be taken 
with a quick spring, landing on both feet every time. If 
this modus operandi is paid attention to, the muscles will 
soon become accustomed to the sharp contraction required, 
and the legs will, by keeping them well together over low 
jumps and alighting on both feet, lose their tendency to 
straddle when a higher jump than usual is attempted. 

Some, when in practice for high jumps, strengthea their 
muscles by standing on one leg and lowering the body down 
until the hams touch the heels, and then raising themselves 
up gradually again. This action, however much it may 
be beneficial to the sinews, cannot but give them a tendency 
to be slow, which should be avoided as much as possible. 
A heavy coat, with a weight in both pockets, is of some 
service to those athletes stripped and ready to compete, as 
a great sense of lightness and elasticity is imparted to the 
frame on its removal. The heavy coat should never be 
worn except in the few minutes preceding the trial, as by 
constant use the good effects wear off. Always have a soft 
place to alight upon, as it not only eases the jar of the jump, 
but gives a jumper more confidence when he feels secure 
from the chances of a twist of the ankles on touching the 
ground. Hard turf, with very fine ashes rolled in until the 
surface is quite level, makes the best fair taking-off place 
both for high and broad jumping. 



BEOAD JUMPINa 

Begin with a few jumps about twelve feet or so, taking your 
run for them slowly, starting about twenty yards off and 
quickening in the last few strides. The great object to be 
guarded against is taking off to far from the mark, or get- 
ting out of step in the run ; this can only be obviated by 
practicing at a certain distance until the necessary swing of 
the last few strides is acquired. The rim to the jump can- 
not be too fast; in the air the legs should be raised as in 
going over a high jump, and throvm as far forward on land- 
ing as can be done with both heels close together. No fear 
need be entertained of falling back on alighting if the run 
is sufficiently fast and the landing place level and soft; the 
impetus derived from the run gives the heaviest part of the 
jumper, the trunk, sufficient momentum to carry itself for- 
ward when the x^rogress of the feet and legs is arrested. 




SIX-DAY PEDESTBIANS. 
1. J. Dobler, 2. S. Merrifct, 3. Geo. Hazael, 

4. F. Khrone, 5. P. J. Panchott, 6. Wm. Dutcher, 

7. Nick Murphy, 8. Norman Taylor, 9. George Guyon. 




W. GIBB, 

Vmo ran ten miles in 54min, 4:9sec., London, England. 



PKACTICAL TEATNING. 25 

The landing place should be soft to the depth of eight 
inches, and sufficiently binding to show the marks of the 
heels clearly on alighting; clay and mould mixed make the 
best landing ground. A soft place to jump on will prevent 
any jar to the knees, and will give the jumper more confi- 
dence. The concussion caused by landing on hard gTound 
may sometimes cause a serious accident. 



HAMMEE THEOWING. 

The muscles of the loins and back are the ones principally 
brought into play in hammer throwing, and by their de- 
velopment they become extremely serviceable in assisting 
the spine to bear the upper portions of the body. The 
practice of this kind of exercise must, therefore, be bene- 
ficial to those whose lungs aad heart are too delicate to 
stand any of those sports, such as rowing, running, etc., 
which so particularly tax. their working powers. Commence 
practicing with a hammer about 71b., until the art of 
swinging while running is acquired ; to learn this the rnn 
should be taken at first only six or seven yards from the 
scratch; before the run swing the hammer well, like a pen- 
dulum, in the -direction of ttie mark two or three times, 
until it has acquired a good momentum, and then start, 
taking, at the first few attempts, one turn only in the run ; 
afterwards, as the practice becomes easier, two turns can 
be made, and the runs lengthened in proportion. Some 
athletes, however, take three or four turns, but, as a rule, 
two will be found sufficient. Between the turtis, run as far 
towards the scratch as possible, taking long, even strides to 
acquire a good impetus, and keeping up the centrifugal 
force of the hamm.er by swinging it well round low, and in 
a plane at right angles to the body. The arms should be 
kept quite straight the whole time, merely acting as if they 
were a prolongation of the handle. The work is done hy the 
muscles of the back and loins, and in deliveriug the ham- 
mer at the scratch the athlete should, above all things, 
bear in mind that he does not hft it as if lifting to leg. 
The " devil" must be put into the swing as the hammer de- 
scends in the last half of the turn, so that the force has 
culminated by the time the hammer is cros-ing the line 
j)arallelto the scratch, where it must be let go,the body at 
The same moment beiug thrown back to counteract the im.= 
p3tuo of the swing. The hammer should describe a curve 
at its highest point of not more than 11 or 12 feet from the 



26 PEACTICAL TRAINING. 

ground. AtoIcI pulling at tiie handle in the run, and in- 
crease the pace and swing at each successive turn. The 
farthest throw of thellib. hammer, 3 feet handle, on record, 
is 176 feet. The 221b. hammer has been thrown over 
94 feet. 



PUTTING THE STONE. 

Balance the body on the right leg, the left side turned 
towards the scratch, the right foot being placed as near the 
seven-foot mark as possible, and the right hand balancing 
the weight, with the knuckles close to the shoulder; raise 
the weight up to the full stretch of the arm two or three 
times, till the muscles get into play, still keeping the weight 
of the body thrown on to the right leg, the left foot touch- 
ing the ground slightly; when the balance of the body is 
obtained, hop three feet towards the mark, and then spring 
up sharply to the scratch line, throwing tne weight away at 
the same moment, and bringing the right leg down^ with 
the toe touching the scratch hne and the right side of the 
body to the mark. By this means the follow of the body 
after the weight is prevented, and, by bringing the right leg 
forward at the moment of throwing, the v/hole force of the 
thighs are brought into play, and the muscles of the loins 
assist in the sudden turn of the body from left to right. 
The weight must be held on the lowest joints of the fingers 
and the palm of the hand, the wrist being kept as stiff as 
possible, and all tendency to throw it as a ball avoided. A 
heave is not so effective as a quick jump, with the muscles 
concentrated at the same moment. The quicker the hop 
and the throw are made, the further the distance put, x^ro- 
vided that the balance is not lost. Any delay between the 
first hop and the final spring is fatal. In delivering the 
weight, let it be put upwards — that is to say, aim to hit an 
object about fourteen feet above the spot where the weight 
will pitch. The further the weight has to be put, the high- 
er must be the elevation. No exercise is a greater proof of 
strength than this. Very little skill is required; and when 
once the way of putting is learnt, it seldom happens that a 
strong man gets beaten by the knack of a weaker antago- 
nist. 

The ankle is the part most likely to suft'er, from the fact 
of having to spring with the whole of the body, and the ad- 
dition of the weight. To practice, a cricket ball may be 
used instead of a heavy weight, and the spring made as be- 



PRACTICAL TRAINING-. 2? 

fore, with the delivery of the ball. After a little practice, a 
heavier weight may be tried until the one required can be 
put properly. The best "puts" on record are for the 221b. 
weight over 36 feet, and for the 161b. over 41 feet. 



TRAINING FOR ROWING, ETC. 

The present work is not intended for the guidance of pro- 
fessional oarsmen, or those who may row for large stakes, 
and who, when matched, leave their usual occupations and 
devote their energies to the better observance of the 
stricter rules of training. Such men invariably have a 
mentor worthy of following, and whose knowledge of right 
and wrong will lead them to success or otherwise, as the 
fates may dispose. The amateur, however, must be treated 
more gently and with more attention than the sturdier and 
hardier professional, or those who may have made the ri\er 
and adjuncts their capital in their struggle through the 
world for a subsistence. The amateur, when he has an en- 
gagement before him, should take into consideration the 
time he has allowed him to train, and the mode of pro- 
ceeding will depend in a great measure on the condition 
and previous habits of the man engaged. If a man is 
fleshy and of a full habit of body, a dose or two of mild 
purgative medicine should be taken, and slow walking ex- 
ercise only taken on the day the doses have been adminis- 
tered. After the medicine has done its duty, if the amateur 
is very fleshy, a Turkish bath or two may be taken wdth ad- 
vantage, the usual precautions agoinst cold being used. 
The subject, after one or two of these sweats^ is prepared 
for more arduous "work, which may be taken at a fair pace 
in the form of good sharp runs and fast walks, which, like 
all other trainings, "will become easier of accomplishment 
at each repetition. 

The above work, with rowing exercise, will infalhbly 
bring the practitioner, if continued for any time, into a 
proper condition to contend with confidence and success 
in any rowing contest. 

He must rise at five in the summer, and after his bath 
(cold), and having been well rubbed down, a good riharp 
walk of about a mile out and a rattling spin taken by run- 
ning home, when another good rub will be rendered imper- 



28 PBACTICAL TBAINING. 

ative Should tlie run not be taken, a row of a coiaple of 
miles at three parts Speed must be accomplished. When 
thoroughly cooled down, breakfast should be taken, which 
should consist of good wholesome meat (either broiled 
mutton-chops or steak, with no seasoning), stale bread 
or toast, and tea. When dinner can be taken at mid-day, 
say about one P. M., it is better, and should consist, like 
the breaefast, of good wholesome roast meat, with no veg- 
itable except a mealy potato, stale bread, and not more than 
a pint of really good sound ale (old, if palatable to the 
drinker, the best); some prefer sherry, but, although agree- 
ing with a few, the ale, as a rule, is more strengthening and 
wholesome. The row should be taken before tea, which 
should then be of tlie same viands and liquids as the break- 
fast. The above rules, of course, are open to alteration, ac- 
cording to cu^cumstances, and the diet varied successfully 
by the introduction of fowls, either roast or boiled — the 
latter preferred — and when there is any indication of train- 
ing off, a small portion of gr sen-meat, in the shape of sound 
cabbage or any fresh vegetable in season. The last food 
before retiring to rest should be either about half a-pinfc of 
thin gruel or a glass of ale with dry toast;. The other por- 
tion of the day's training must be left to circumstances ; 
but it must never be lost sight of that sharp work, regular- 
ity and cleanliness are the chief if not the only rules to be 
followed to produce thorough good condition. The use of 
the bath should never by any chance be missed. Nothing 
is more injurious to the wind, etc., than hard rowing on a 
full stomach, the ill effects of which, although scarcely felt 
at the time, have at a more remote time, in many instances, 
proved to be the germ of serious disorders. 

In rowing, the legs, loins, trunk, arms, hands, the di- 
gestive organs and the lungs are made to perform their 
regular and legitimate functions simultaneously, and the 
danger of building up one part of the system at the ex- 
pense of another thereby avoided, and to the recognition 
of these facts is ascribed the popularity of aquatic sports 
here and abroad. But it is not always convenient for large 
numbers of our people to indulge in this healthful pastime; 
the expense of owning and keeping a boat, the difficulty of 
reaching an acceptable place for rowing, no less than the 
dangers incident to inexperienned oarsmen upon the 
water, are drawbacks which can only be met by the sub- 
stitution of a machine giving all the advantages without 
the disagreeable accessories ; to this end several machines 



PEACTICAL TRAINING. 29 

have been introdtKied to public notice, but none have filled 
all the requirements until by careful observation of the de- 
fects of former attempts the Eureka Parlor Rowing Ma- 
chine was introduced, which gives an exact and perfect 
imitation of rowing. It teaches to feather tbe oar cor- 
rectly, it gives the dip of the oar, it has the shding seat, 
it can be regulated for heavy or hght, short or long stroke, 
and is manufactured for either open or cross-handed row- 
ing, and the pressure can be changed to suit the weak or 
the strong. 



MORE INFORMATION ABOUT TRAINING FOR 
ROWING. 

Eor the further information of those who cannot have 
too much of a good thing as to the preparation for rowing 
a race, we subjoin the latest ideas of modern authorities 
upon the subject. 



JOSH WARD'S SYSTEM OF TRAINING. 

The following rules, from the pen of Josh Ward, ex- 
champion sculler and captain of the W&rd crew, which 
among their other achievements won the International 
four-oared race at Saratoga in 1871, will be first-class au- 
thority : 

First, be sure that the men are in perfect health, so that 
they will be able to stand the work, which they are about 
to commence. 

A mild medicine is usually required to cleanse the blood, 
as, unless the blood is in good order, and in very many 
cases it is in any other condition than a good one, the food 
taken will not digest well. 

Upon getting up in the morning take a sponge bath, 
dry wellwith a coarse towel, after which walk about two 
miles before breakfast. 

Breakfast should consist of a good tender porterhouse 
steak, broiled rare, and thoroughly masticated before 
swallowing. As a drink, a cup of black tea. Drink no more 
than absolutely necessary either at meals or any other time. 

After breakfast, eaten slowly, no exercise should be taken 
for about an hour; lat the expiration of which time, the 
crew can get in the boat and row the same distauce ex- 
pected to be rowed in the race, and at a good pace. 

After returning from the row, a rub down and then a 



30 - PEACTICAL TRAINING. 

moderate walk, tintil shortly before dinnertime. Dinner 
should consist of roast beef or broiled chicken, with soft 
boiled eggs, etc. 

If any drink is taken, tea or water, in moderate quan- 
tity, should be used. After dinner no exercise for about 
two hours, when the crew take the afternoon pull, which 
should be over about the same distance and at the same 
pace as that of the morning. 

After coming ashore, rub down as in the morning, with 
a coarse towel, and then take a moderate walk, returning 
home about an hour before supper, which, when eaten at 
all, should be a light one, composed of a little broiled meat, 
v/ith a piece of dry toast and a cup of tea. 

Two meals, at the least, should alv/ays be taken; and 
where only two are taken, they should, in all cases, be 
what is known as breakfast and dinner, as both these 
meals, or rather either of them, are more essential to the 
man in training than su|)per, particularly if he, as I 
would advise him to do, rises with the sun and retires at 
about nine o'clock, or half-past, in the evening. 

After a night's sleep, and after having left the bed at 
five in the morniiig and walked or ran two, three or. four 
miles, as well as taking a bath, the system is generallv 
quite importunate for sustenance by seven o'clock or half- 
past. 

This is not always the case, however, in regard to sup- 
per; as, after having eaten a hearty dinner, at 1 o'clock, 
without any other exercise thereafter than the afternoon 
row, a man with very little practice can accustom himself 
to doing without more food until the following morning, 
if he retire at about nine o'clock. • 

Up with the sun in the morning and pursue the regular 
plan of bath, walk, etc., unless stormy, in which case exer- 
cise indoors should be substituted for the walko 

The dumbells and clubs are proper implements to use 
for this purpose, and every man in training, whether ama- 
teur or piofessional, should have one or other, or both. 

The man in training should always have plenty of ex- 
ercise given him at regular and proper intervals. By 
plenty of exercise I mean just enough, neither too much 
nor too little; and to be able to tell just when a man has 
just enough belongs only to those who 'have had an ex- 
tensive experience in preparing men for aquatic or other 
contests. 

His habits must, of necessity, be very regular, otherwise 




CELEBRATED FEIMALE PEDESTRIANS. 
1. Cora Cushing. 2. Mary Marshall. 3. ExildaLaCha- 
pelle. 4. Fanny Edwards. 5. Berth f. Von Berg. 6. 
Fanny Rich. 7. Bella Kilbury. 8. Madame Tobias. 9. 

M?.dainc Franklin. 




MADAME ANDERSON, 
the great 2,700 Quarter-mile Walker. 



PRACTICAL TEAINING. 31 

the course which he is pursuing will result in very little 
good- 

In regard to the oars which myself and brothers — the 
"Ward crew — generally use, they are sweeps, about twelve 
feet long and five inches wide. A boat for our crew of 
four would be forty-six feet long and twenty inches wide. 
In puUing we use the legs, and in a four cr six-oared boat 
pull forty and forty-two strokes per minute. In pulling a 
pair of sculls, I pull about thirty-eight strokes to the min- 
ute, and u^e the legs. 

We used spoon oars, and our boats were constructed 
with the stroke on the starboard side. 

In sculling, I have always pulled open-handed, but I 
think cross-handed is the better style. 

To make a successful rower great practice will be re- 
quired, a,lthough in this, as in everything else, some learn 
much more rapidly than others. 



Benjamin F. Brady, ex-president of the Amateur Row- 
ing Association, furnishes the subjoined: 

Coxswains are carried in the gigs and barges only; all 
the shells being constructed to dispense with them, and it 
is safe to predict that they will soon come to be a thing of 
the past in all American shell races. Whether with or 
without a coxswain is the more practical or scientific, de- 
pends, in a great measure, upon the nature of the course 
pulled, and the efficiency of the bow oar; but an ex- 
perienced crew can well get along without one. While the 
fact has been several times proven that a good coxswain 
has been the means of winning a race with an acknowl- 
edged inferior crew. 

COXSWAIN'S ORDERS - 
Among the Clubs of the Association, are given as follows: 

1st. " Oars." — The crew raising their oars to an angle of 
forty-five degrees and then placing them in the thole pins. 

2d. "Out." — The crew running their oars out to the 
proper distance for rowing, the blade being' parallel with 
the gunwale of the boat. 

3d. 'Give-way." — At the word "Grive" thromng the 
handle of the oar forward well over the toes, the blade 
being at a proper angle to strike the water; and at the 
word "Way" dipping the oar in the commencement of 
the pull. 

4th. "Weigh." — To stop rowing. 



32 PEACTICAL TEAINING. 

5th. " Weigh-starboard,' 



To turn risflit or left. 
" Weigh-port.' 

6tli. *' Easy-all." — To slacken speed. 

7th. *'Oars-apeali." — To salute when at rest. The oars 
to be raised perpendicular^, the handles resting on the 
floor, and the blades running fore and aft. 

8th. " Weigh-across, ) 

"Apeak." j To salute when under headway. 

Running the oars across both gunwales. 

9th. "Let-fall." — To regain former position. At the 
word ''Let," raising the oar about four inches, and at tbe 
word " Fail," throwing it into' the thole-pins, the blade 
" first " touching the water. 

10th. "Across-ship." — To get the oars in the boat. At 
the word "Ship," raising the oar at a distance to clear 
the heads of the crew, and dropping it lightly in the centre 
of the boat. 

11th. " Traii-oars." — In passing through bridges, cul- 
Terts, etc., unshipping the oar and trailing it at the side of 
the boat. 

12th. "Recover-oars." — To regain former position. 

The number of strokes pulled by the association crews it 
would be impossible to designate, with any degree of ac- 
curacy, as all rowers haye their own peculiar styles; and in 
many cases a man, or a crew, may start at the ra^te of 
thirty-six to the minute and increase to forty, and finish 
at, or near, thirty-two. In practicing a crew, a " puU^" 
and "tire out," is certainly detrimental to proper train- 
ing, as a crew should "never" be over-worked » 

The mode of dipping the oar among" the association 
crews is, as a general rule, to immerse about one-half the 
blade; row with the back straight, elbows well at the sides. 



STEPHEN ROBERTS^ SYSTEM. 
In training a crew for a race, the habits and mode of 
living of a man are to be consulted more than any set of 
rules. If he is used to eating meat well cooked, it will not 
do to give him meat cooked rare^ as this is apt to produce 
a looseness in his bowels. A man must eat according to 
the state of his system, and if he trains hard, eats meat, 
and is troubled with loose bowels, he should train light 
and live on toast, bread, and coffee or tea, for a few days, 
with puddings, or bread and milk; and if he is used to 



PEACTCICAIi TRAINING. 33 

drinking, good fresh ale will not hurt him, bnt no Hquor 
stronger than porter or ale should be used. On the other 
hand, if costiveness is present, no longer than forty-eight 
hours should be permitted to elapse without a motion, and 
this should be brought about, if possible, by making use 
of the suitable food and drink; such, for instance, as the 
veal steaks cooked rare, with cider or water as a drink. 

The main thing, in training a man or crew, is to give 
him or them plenty of the same kind of work performed in 
the race. Be careful, however, not to put on too lauch at 
first. If a mile race is to be pulled, twenty days' training 
will be required. - 

The first day, row, say one mile; the second and third 
day, about the same, or a little more, not too hard. After 
this, increase the distance half a mile every day, until five 
miles are gone over at each row. Then, if there are no 
blisters on the hands, row the whole distance at racing 
pace. Every other day, row eight or ten miles, up to 
within twenty-four hours of the race. Less rowing than 
this should not be taken; more will not hurt. 

Clerks, bookkeepers, etc., generally require two weeks 
more of training than men who have been always used to 
heavy lifting; but, when a man once does get into good 
training, his race becomes an easy matter for him. 



THE HAKYAED SYSTEM. 

Broiled steak or chops, potatoes in almost any style, 
without grease, bread nearly fresh, tea if desired, water, or 
milk if preferred, oatmeal porridge or gruel, and eggs 
poached or boiled — not very hard — render the breakfast 
of a Harvard student in training palatable and even at- 
tractive. 

The best roast beef or mutton procurable, potatoes, 
bread, cracked wheat, rice, oatmeal gruel, and the various 
vegetables in the market, often, if not regularly, make the 
dinner inviting; and a piece of salmon or a dish of poultry 
or game is an occasional visitor, aiding to vary yet more 
the programme. Tapioco, farina and other vegetable pud- 
dings make an admirable substitute for heavy puddings as 
a desert. Milk, water, and tea again, and also butter and 
salt, in reasonable quantities, are permitted. 

Bread and milk, or tea, butter, oatmeal gruel, dry toast 
and crackers, are the chief and often only articles taken at 
supper. 



34 PRACTICAL TRAINING. 

About a half hour's careful rowing at a tolerable pace, 
with au occasional stop or "easy," for instruction and 
rest, in the morning. 

In the afternoon, an hoar's rowing, with not more than 
two or three rests, will complete the day's water work. 

The rate of speed in the afternoon should go up from 
thirty-five strokes a minute when commencing training to 
racing gait during the last two weeks, and pulling over the 
proposed course once " on time " will be plenty of work 
for ttiis last period. 

A three or four mile walk, at a four-mile gait, starting 
an hour after breakfast, will not, unless in extremely hot 
weather, prove too much for a vigorous young man with 
ordinarily good legs. The speed of this walk should be 
reached gradually, and after, perhaps, if a man in the start 
is much out of condition, say two weeks slower going. 

A thorough rubbing of the entire body, until the skin is 
absolutely red, should "immediately" follow each row, 
and then a dry suit should be donned. Flannel is the best 
material for it. 

Eight hours should seem a good medium for sleep. If 
a man feels all right with a less amount than this, he 
should reg-ulate his own hours; but if he is nervous and 
excitable, he should have more. Pie should never lie abed 
awake in the morning, but spring up ab once, and take his 
sponge bath, or in warm weather, if convenient, a plunge 
into cold water. 



HAEEY CLASPER'S SYSTEM. 
Rise between 6 and 7 a. m., walk four or five miles. 
Breakfast at 8 a. m. — Chop or couple of eggs, bread, tea, 
Eesb for half an hour, and then a brisk walk or run. If 
morning exercise has not been heavy, a row, terminating 
about 11 A. M. Dinner at 12 m. — Beef or mutton, broiled; 
egg-pudding, with currants in it if desired, or other light 
farinaceous pudding; old ale, one glass; wine, one glass, 
(port); or ale, two glasses, without wine. Rest for an hour, 
and then on the river again for a hard row. "Rowing ex- 
ercise should be taken twice every day." Tea, with toasted 
bread sparingly buttered, with one egg only — more has a 
tendency to choke the system. Supper, not recommended. 
When taken, to consist of new milk and bread, or gruel, 
with raisins and curratits a d a glass of port wine in it. 
Bed about 10 p. m. Summary: sleep, between eight and 



PRACTICAL TEAINING. 35 

nine hours; exercise, walking and rowing about four or 
five hours; diet, limited. 



CHAELES WESTHALL'S SYSTEM. 

Rise at 6 A. M. or earlier in the summer; cold bath and 
rub down; sharp walk about a mile out, and run home; or a 
row of a couple of miles at three-parts speed; a diy rub 
down. Breakfast at 8 a. m. — Mutton chop or steak, broiled; 
stale bread or toast, ten, half a pint. Dinner at 2 p. m. — 
Meat as at breakfast Vv iih a mealy potato, stale bread, old 
ale, one pint Rowing. If dinner be late, luncheon to be 
taken, to consist of btef or mutton, hot or cold; bread, old 
ale, one glass. If dinner be early, "tea with viands and 
hquids as at breakfast " to be taken. Supper — B alf a pint 
of thin gruel, or dry toast and a glass of old ale. That the 
above rules are of course open to alteration according to 
circumstances, and the diet varied successfully by the in- 
troduction of fowls, either roast or boiled — the latter pre- 
ferred; and it must never be lost sight of that sharp work, 
regularity and cleanliness are the chief if not the oDly 
rules to be followed to produce thorough good condition. 
Summary: sleep, about eight hours; exercise, four or five 
hours; diet, limited. 



H. E, WALSH'S, OR STONEHENGE'S SYSTEM. 

Rise at 8 a. m. According to season and weather, cold 
bath. Exercise, 8.30 to 9 a. m. — Let all take a gentle run 
or smart walk. In most instances a smart run of three 
miles will be about the besfc distance. 

Breakfast; 9 to 9.30 a. m. — Oatmeal porridge, with beef 
or mutton broiled, and bread; tea or coffee, or old ale, one 
pint. Tea is preferred to coffee. Cocoa is too greasy. 

Exercise, 9.30 to 11.30 a. m. — BilHards, skitfcieSj quoits, or 
other light exercise. 11.30 a. m. to 1.30 p. m. — Rowing. 
1.30 to about 2.30 p. m. — Running, rubbed dry and linen 
changed. 

Dinner, 2.30 to 3 or 3.30 p. m. — Beef (roast) or mutton, 
(boiled mutton occasionally), roast fowl, partridges, or 
pheasants (allowed), or venison (nothing better); bread, 
puddings occasionally, made of bread, eggs, and milk, 
and served with preserved fruits. Vegetables — Potatoes 
(one or two only), cauliflowers and brocoli (only as 
an occasional change). Old ale, from a pint to a pint and a 



36 PRACTICAL TRAINING. 

half; wine, a glass or two, port or sherry. After dinner, 
until 5 or 6 p. M., a gentle stroll. Eowing 6 to 7 p. m. 

Supper, 8 p. m. —Oatmeal porridge, with dry toast, or 
chop, with glass of port. Bed at 9 or 10 p. m. 

Sumviary : sleep, ten or eleven hours; exercise, say four 
hours (exclusive of billiards, etc.); diet, varied. 

WINGATE'S SYSTEM FOE A MONTH^S TEAINING. 

Eise at about 7 a.m. (Glass of cold water recommend- 
ed). The crew meet at 7 a. m., walk and run for four or 
five miles; or, in later practice, quick run of two miles. 
Wash and dress. 

Breakfast, 9 a. m. — ^Meat (broiled), bread (brown) and 
butter, tea, two caps. Cocoa made of the nibs boiled for 
four hours is better thon tea for breakfast. 

Luncheon at 1 p. m. — Beef sandwich, with half a pint of 
old ale, or biscuit and glass of sherry, or ^gg in sherry. 
At 2.30 p. M. row about four or five miles. This altogether 
depends on the state of the crew. 

Dinner at 6 P.M. — ^Wash in tepid water. Meat (roast, 
broiled or boiled). Vegetables — "The green foods per- 
missable contain in their list spinach — the very best of all; 
sea-kale, asparagus, but without melted butter; turnip- 
tops, young unhearted greens, but not sohd cabbages; 
brocoli, carrots, parsnips, and cooked celery. Turnips are 
also favored, and peas condemned, also cucumbers, and all 
salad mixtures. But boiled beet-root is good, and Jerusa- 
lem artichokes; and French beans si and next to spinach 
in virtue." "Any kind of wholesome meat thoroughly 
cooked." The course is varied daily, so that no two days 
together shall see the same articles on tiie table. "Light 
puddings may be eaten." Old ale, one pint. "Wine, two 
glasses of old port or sherry, or three of claret. Biscuits 
and dried fruits, as cherries, figs, etc., allowed. "All fresh 
fruits are avoided. Plain jellies are innocuous. As much 
spring water as they have a mind to." 

Supper, 9 p. m. — Oatmeal gruel, if desired. Bed at 10 p. m. 

Summary: sleep, eight or nine hours; exercise, about 
three hours; diet, varied. 

TEAINING FOE LONG-DISTANCE GO-AS-YOU- 
PLEASE CONTESTS. 
About the first recognized legitimate contest of this kind 
was originated by Sir John Astley, a Crimean veteran and 
general athlete, giving a valuable gold and silver belt, open 




1. J. M. Ward, Pitcher. 2. Ed. N. Wmiamson, 3d Base. 

3. Fred. Dunlap, 2d Base. 4. Jas. O'Eourke, Right-field. 

6. Geo. Wright, Short-stop. 6. P. A. Hines, Centre-field. 

,7. Joe Start, 1st Base. 8. Chas. N. Snyder, Catcher. 

9. Joseph Hornung, Left-field. 




LLEWELLYN H. JOHNSON, 

The Distin^ished Amateur American Champion Bicyclist. 



PRACTICAL TRAINING. 37 

to the world, to tlie one wlio should cover the greatest dis- 
tance, in whatever way he chose, unassisted, on his legs, 
for a period of six days . Long distance feats were not in 
themselves new, by any means, Capfc. Barclay, Foster 
Powell, George Wilson, and others in auld lang syne 
figured conspicuously in England and Scotland, their jour- 
neys being traveled out of doors, on the roads, similar 
to the long walks of Weston, Sergeant Bates, Wm. Gale, 
and others. The athletic mania, which had lain dormant 
for so many years, was suddenly revived in this country, 
and spread like an epidemic far and wide, bringing with 
it a healthy reaction. The saloons and viler resorts began 
to lose caste for the running and walking match. Street 
cars and stages, and elevated railways complained of lack 
of patronage on fine days, as old and young, rich and poor, 
fell into the walking rage, and amateur spurts from home 
to place of business and mce versa became visible on every 
few blocks. Even the working girls caught the health im- 
parting habit, and stepped out as jauntily and with as 
much snap as your La Chappelle or Eannie Edwards. 
Dailies, weeklies and monthlies saw increased interest and 
patronage by devoting space to athletics, while Beecher, 
Talmage, Moody, and other lesser lights mixed athletics 
up with their dogmas, until at the present time it is the 
fashion, and with us style is everything. True, druggists, 
doctors and undertakers found their business falling off, 
but we are candid enough to admit feeling pleased at this 
state of things, as, from being looked upon as a nation of 
tobacco-chewing, nervous, dried-up; money worshipers, 
experience has proved that Americans now, instead of fol- 
lowing, take the lead in everything worth speaking about. 
It is not every boy or man who will malce a Rowell, an 
O'Leary, a Blower Brown, a Frank Hart, or whoever hap- 
pens to be the head of the class when this meets the reader's 
eye — neither must a yoking lady expect to becopae a Mad-. 
ame Anderson, a May Marshall, or a Yon Berg. Both 
sexes can, if they have the will, in time, accomplish 
what now seems an utter impossibihty . Does any 
one suppose that Daniel O'Leary walked his square heel- 
and-toe contests, Madame Anderson her great accomplish- 
ments. Captain Webb his swimming across the English 
Channel, Ed. Hanlan conquering all the world as an oars- 
man, by saying "I can't," and making no further effort? 
To become adept at anything, perseverance is the keystone, 
as "Little by little great oaks from small acorns grow," and 



38 PRACTICAL TRAINING. 

constant dripping even wears stones away, so that " if at 
first yon dont't succeed, try, try, try again/' If necessary, 
commence by walking only a block at a time, Madame An- 
derson used to tell her lady admirers, increasing to two, 
four, eight, and so on, doubling and doubling until it will 
be found as easy to go miles as it was before the length of 
a single row of houses. Youth is the best time for 
practice, and the smallest, sicMiest looking boy or girl will, 
with one or two companions, manage to cover an amount of 
ground that would make ordinary grown-up i3eople very 
much inclined to doubt, and very loth to attempt. The 
youth has ambition in this direction, not having yet got 
into politics, money worshiping or being addicted to chew- 
ing, smoking, drinking, etc., which to many men are con- 
sidered absolutely necessary. A party of boys with jackets 
on their arms will walk and run eight or ten miles, on a 
Fourth of July day, cutting up, prattling away, whistling 
or singing, with no other refreshment than a little water or 
fruit. They fix upon a certain place to go lo, may be an 
orchard, or to hunt bird's nests, or to a place to swim, row 
or fish, and get there, whereas a man or party of men, un- 
less conveyed straight to the spot, would probably con- 
sume half a dozen lagers at least, and smoke as many bad 
cigars, pipesfull of strong tobacco, or chew a paper of so- 
called solace. "We have tried both, and found out we 
could travel twice the distance on a few oranges or a 
mouthful or two of spring water, a biscuit or sandwich, 
than all the lager or tobacco taken in our life. 

Presuming the individual to be in good health, the walks, 
trots, or runs must be gradual at first, and increased daily, 
not exactly in the order laid down in previous chapters, 
for the six-day business is more a trial of endurance than 
speed. It is not necessary to measure the distance be- 
tween meals, but keep on the go until pretty well tired, 
rest at intervals, then buckle to again. The "Rowelltrot" 
won him the belt and drew a $50,000 gate, his share the 
first time he came to New York, after all expenses being 
over $20,000. It has been proved beyond all argument that 
trotting or running beats walking, and when once acquired 
the dog trot will come as easy to a man (if not easier) as a 
fast walking gait. In practicing long-distance running, 
stylo is nothing — wind and freshness everything — let your 
arms, therefore, swiiig easy which ever way comes most 
natural, as the legs are the motors for this kind of work. 
Neither attempt long or short strides, no matter what your 



PRACTICAL TRAINING. 39 

gait, clnmsY or otherwise, for it is tlie distance to be got 
over t'jat will lan':l;^rou a winner, not your sliape or traveling 
on your " pretby," however people may criticise . An old car- 
horse will keep up the fame jog-trot nearly all day apparently 
undistres:ed, while a terrible three-inile disli at full speed 
wi'l perhaps use the f ;st horse up. It was not natural for 
tlie car-iiors3 to go that gat at first, hut he was broke to it, 
and men are pretty much like horsas in this respect, except 
that they can eadui*3 more in tiie long run. You will doubt- 
less have '• bellows to inend," stitches in your side, etc., but 
stick it out and they will not come again probably twice the 
same day. A short stick, easy-fitting clothes, light head 
cover, well-season d and easy fitting laceel-up shoes, seem- 
IcK -', v7oolen stockings, and a cheerful companion are a'l ne- 
cecsary If troubled with sore feet tlie ped strian should fol- 
low Dr. Parks' advice to the British Army, viz. : Before 
setting out dip the feet for a minute or two in very hot 
water, wipe them quite dry, and then rub them with soap 
(soft £oap is best) liU there is a good lather; then put on 
the stockings. If, nctwit cstinding, they are yet foot-sore, 
at the end of the d y wire the feet w tli a damp cloth, and 
rab them with a mixture of taUow and spirits of wine. Be- 
sides this, fjreat attention should be paid to the stockings, 
which should be cons' acltly washed. Worsted and mermo 
stockings are. preferable to cotton ones. 

If thirsty, Oie or two oranges will quench that, and be 
most agreeable to the stomach, as well as being of more 
benefit than anything else. When in-doors, light dumb- 
bells and the f kipping-rope may be used vigorously to im- 
prove the wind, but nothing heavy or too violent, as in this 
branch of athletics the musc'es to be controlled are those 
of the le£:S instead of the arms; chanoe of fla nels, socks, 
shoes, a salt water sponge-bath, rub down; then ap ily a 
little bay rnm, month rinsed out, and a plea:^ant chat with a 
friend will mgke you feel like a new man, and after meals, 
before aliudid tc>, ready and willing to ticide hard work 
ag.iin. If the pedestrian's appetite fcUs off, whether from 
nervous'- ess, sleej)iessness or v/hatever causes, a prepara- 
tion of iron and gentian may be taken, say a teaspoonful 
about tan minutes before easting, until his natural appetite 
returns, when it should be discontinued. 11, on the other 
hr»,nd, the iiod taken does not digest readily, and symjD- 
toms of dyspej)sia follow eating, then a tab;es;aornfLil of 
wine of pep5-in a quarter of an hour after meals wiU soon 
briijg that trouble over, discontinuing when it does. When 



40 PBACTICAL TEAINING. 

sickness at tlie stomach succeeds, a tablespoonful of pre- 
pared lime water, taken in a little milk, when the feeling 
comes on, acts like a charm. "When the bowels are lax, 
thickened flour and milk are r ood. If costive, rhubarb pre- 
serves, or prune tea, or a mild injection of soap- and warm 
water wiU be found to answer every purpose . 

Some enterprising Knight of St Crispin, with a view to 
increase their trade by working on the feelings of pedes- 
trians and others, introduced the old-fashi rned piece of 
steel under the instep, between the welt and the sole, and 
designated them spring walking-shoes, for which there used 
to be quite a demand. Experience, however, has proved 
that the only spring likely to lead ta ihe winning-post is 
what nature gave, and that all artificial appendages sue 
more likely to do harm than good. The shoe best adapted 
for a walker of from one to ten miles is alow-cut shoe, laced 
nearly to the toe, with low heel, broad instep and plenty of 
room for the toes, and light as possible and of the best 
seasoned leather. Ordinary shoemakers cm no m re 
make professional running or walking shoes than an ordi- 
dinary blacksmith can turn out a razor or set of chicken- 
gaffs, and, therefore, the business should be entrusted to 
those who make a specialty of it. 

The most successful and tractable of modern pedestrians, 
Charles Rowell, has made more money in his t vo six-days' 
ccntests in New York than he would have in fifty years at a 
trade or in his own country. Here we are t^arried away 
with almost any thing of an international 1 character, both press 
and public. When RoweU made his 500 miles ia the first 
visit and 524 on his second, it was generally conceded that 
he performed the distance on the square, and hence the 
patronage bestowed. Other six-day contests have been g>en 
with nearly 40 more miles tacked on to the winner ahead of 
Eowell's time by the black-board, but the receipts were as 
quarters to dollars in comparison. There appears to be a 
weakness for figures not altogether warranted by the finan- 
cial results at tlie end of the week. 

To all, therefore, who compete in long distances for 
love or money, do not worry about the score, but keep ahead 
all the time. A gain of ten miles on the first day, wlien hon- 
estly made, and with the intention of staying on the track 
through the competition, wiU le pr( tty sure to find theleader 
far enough ahead to carry off the lion's share, for, as the vet- 
eran Jack Goulding's logic proves, if there is a dollar at the 
end of every mile it is surprising how many miles a man 



PRACTICAL TRAINING. 41 

■will go. The practice of the crack flyers competing on the 
first day, with no idea of going the week more by pre- 
concert, may suit the betting ring and the book-makers, but 
it has hurt the business more than can ever be patched up 
again by the most adroit, self-interested parties. 

In addition to Rowell, Brown, Hazacl and others have 
been brought out, but they either weot wrong or could not 
be managed by their trainers. Self-reliance is very well, but 
an ungovernable temper or dissipated habits are sure to be 
left behind when opposed to tractability and abstemiousness. 
The Enghsh peds used to say there were lots of better men 
than Bowell over there, but John Astley knew he was unap- 
proachable and as honest as they make them, and, whether 
the best or no !", he carrie d off the belt against all competitors. 
The advantage of an inteUigent, capable trainer cannot be 
over-estimated, and one who can satisfy his protege of his su- 
periority in his business, as well as a man of nei ve, is what is 
required. When Dan Donnelly, the champion j.ugihit of 
Ireland, was trained by Capt. Kelly for his fight with George 
Cooper, he was in magnificent condition, bub when he met 
Tom Oliver, having had men to look after him whom he 
considered only his equal or perhaps inferior, he was in no 
condition at all. We are of the opinion that John Ennis 
but for James Cusick would never have got second place 
to Kowell, or Nick Murphy, Steve Brodie, Hart, Panchot, 
etc., made the time they did but for men of superior quah- 
fication. 

It will be interesting to the young athletes to know the 
length of time taken for rest by the six-clay men, and there- 
fore supply this information so as to be easy of reference. 
We allucle to the contest from April 5th to 10th, 1880, 
inclusive: Hart, 23 hours 2 minutes 59 seccnds; Pegram,31 
hours 30 minutes 53 seconds; Howard, 30 hours, 50 min- 
utes 39 seconds; Dob^er, 22 hours 37 minutes 12 seconds; 
Allen, 34 hours 24 minutes 49 seconds; Krohne, 27 hours 
18 minutes 15 seconds; Williams, 28 hours 52 minutes 33 
seconds, and Hanwaker, 27 hours 58 mi:uit' s 21 seconds. 
Hart's actual time on the courze was 118 hours 20 minutes 
acdl second, and Lis average walk in that time was at the 
rate of 4 7-10 miles per hour. 

Rowell's regular food when on a six-days march is beef- 
steak, chops, bread, vegetables, lea and coffee; occasionally 
he takes a little pudding and cheese. Guyon feeds en beef 
tea, chops, potatoes, toast, tea and coffee, but no stimulants. 
Weston, beef tea, custard, lime water and tea, beefs.eak 



42 



PEACTICAL TEAINING. 



and no stimulants. Ennis, oatmeal, beef tea, rare beef and 
oj^sters. Hazael, chops, s!:erJ:s, craclrers, to3.st and lemon 
soda. Merritt feeds on jeries, fruits, beef, mutton and vege- 
lables, with tea and coffee . Hart eats chops, chopped eggs, 
toast, corn bread, tea and coffee. 



TRAINING FOE BASEBALL. 

It is v/ell known that an athlete desirous of excelling in 
any special F.port cr game must be trained only to the ex- 
tent to suit the requirements of the sport he desires to 
become an expert in. To train young men in a gymnasium 
alike for rowing, running or for field work in baseball, 
cricket or lacrosse, putting them through the same routine 
of exercises, is simply to unnecessarily overwork tliem for 
ono particular sport, and to give them insuilicient exircise 
for another. Of course, to a certain extant, rdl kinds of 
gymnastic exercises, if moderaLely engaged in, tend to 
develop a healthful physique, if gone through with under 
the rules of an intelligent system; but the indiscriminate 
way in which baseball players- enter a gjonnasium and go 
through with what they call their training is ofttimes 
worse then useless work in prej)aring them to sustain the 
fatigue incident to their game. What is necessary for a 
baseball player in gymnastic exercise is to take only that 
exercise which makes him agile and quick of movement, 
and which trains the eye to judge the ball, or the arms and 
chest to wield the bat, or the legs to run the bases. Lift- 
ing heavy weights or exercise which is calculated to de- 
velop strength for such purposes is useless. Swinging 
clubs, if carried to excess; jumping is unnecessary; work 
on the parallel bars, the trapeze, etc., is needless. In fact, a 
ball player can find far better training for quick move- 
ments, gaining keen sightedness and endurance in a hand- 
bail or racket court than is possible iu a gymnasium. Ex- 
ercise in short-distance ruuDing is good, and all exercises 
which tend to strengthen the muscles of the ankles — such 
as skating', f r instance — help to train a ball player. But 
what is particularly required in the Sj'stem of training for 
professional ball players is that very activity which hand- 
ball yields. This game strengthens the hands, trains the 
sight, and especially gives a player endurance in the very 
fatigue he has to undergo on the ballfield. A skillf al hand- 
ball player, when he becomes accustomed to baseball field 
work, will always excel in picking up hard-hit groimd balls. 




ii. E. MEYEKS, 

The Bcnownecl American Runner. 



WELCOMING O'BALDWIN TO NEW YORK. 
The Irish Giant, Joe Coburu, Ed. James, J. C. Heenan 



v.. PEACTICAL TRAINING. 43 

ADVICE TO BUSINESS MEN AND OTHERS. 

The majority of our readers are doubtless young men 
having in view perfecting their frames for some muscular 
feat, and the buli of this work was written principally for 
their benefit. There is still another and larger class for 
whom no author seems to have troubled his head about. 
"We allude to those compelled by circumstances ta suend 
their time in sedent::ry occupatiocs, and are not likely to 
get time or means to pui'sue a regular course of training. 

It would be simply ridiculous to advise a letter-carrier to 
take exercise after going his rounds of forty or fifty miles 
a d'.iy, as physicians sometimes do without being aware of 
the calling cf their patienb, or to suofgest fasting forty days 
and nights for djspc-p-ia because Dr. Tnnner did it, giving 
no impossibilities or absurditieSj but such as we are willing 
to practice and carry out. Asa general thiog, to keep down 
fiesh, if inclined to corpulency, avoid sugar, salmon, eels, 
herrings, pork, pota^.oes, beer, bread, butter, milk, cham- 
pagne, port and anything calculated to create bile. It 
would be well to dispense with fat meats, eggs, pastry, 
new bread, cheese and whatever else may produce nauseau 
or indigestion after eating. 

Befijra making your morning toilet, a spono-e saturated in 
tepid salt water should be applied to all parts of the body, 
and then rubbed dry with a Turkish towel. If too much 
of a shock to the system, apply a flesh-brush or the palm 
of your hands vigorously to the skin, after which the 
sponge bath, and when dry the brush or hand, as before. 
When the shower-bath is used, and a person fecl^ exhila- 
rated from its effects, it is better than the sponge ba li ; but 
when it produces a shiver or weakness, it shoukl be discon- 
tinued until strong enough to indulge in this great summer 
luxury. 

The mere fact that millions of human beings are strong 
and healthy upon a purely vegetable diet should of itself 
suggest that, althorgh animal food, as more concentrated, 
and yieldiug more force with less expenditure in its diges- 
tion, is superior to vegetable food, yet there is excellent nutri- 
ment to be extracted from vegetables. The anatcmical in- 
dications of man, being omnivorous, should also point in 
the same direction, and the need of vegetable acids, no 
less than the advantages of vaiiety, at once disclose the 
error of banishing vegetable food. The chief mistake lies 
in the cookie g. The water in which green vegetables are 
cojked is poisonous. There is not one house in fifty 



44 PEACTICAL TBAINING.^ 

-where the vegetables are not cooked in small vessels, con- 
taining very little water, wbich is never changed, and where 
the greens are sent to table with the water properly 
squeezed from them. Let any person unable to eat broc- 
coli, or greens cooked in a quart of water, try the effect of 
ha^iiig them cooked in a gallon of water, or of having the 
quart changed three or four times during the process, and he 
will soon discover the difference. If potatoes are "watery," 
it is because they are ill-cooked. No Irishwoman serves up 
watery potatoes. 

Yeai and pork are rigidly excluded by the trainer, which 
some will hear it with amazement, and will ask how it 
was that th-j ancients gave the athletes nothing but pork. 
Would the old hen be thought nutritious, and the chicken 
injurious? Would the sheep be tender,, and the lamb 
tough? And why is the calf to be blooded, and the ox 
not ? Yet, so long as this practice continues, no one should 
indulge in veal, unless his digestion be vigorous. Fried 
dishes, rich gravies and pastry should also be avoided, be- 
cause of their tendancy to develop fatty acids in the 
stomach. Some cannot endure fat ; others cannot get on 
without it. Some cannot touch mutton ; others are made 
ill by eggs. Let each find out his own idiosyncracy. The 
only thing the trainer teaches us is to take abundant exer- 
cise in the open air, and to be simple and moderate in onr 
diet, with regularity in hours. If neither time nor strength 
permits our abundant exercise, and if our avocations pre- 
vent regularity, what remains but moderation in diet ? 

The effects of exercise are two-fold : on the one hand a 
stimulus is given to the action of the heart and longs, 
which enables the blood to be more thoroughly oxygenated 
and more rapidly circulated ; on the other hand, there is 
an expenditure force, accompanying the increased activity 
of the organic changes. Exercise strengthens the parts ex- 
ercised, because it increases the nutrition of those parts. 
When any organ is inactive, the circulation in it becomes 
less and less, the smaller ramifications of its network of 
blood vessels are empty or but half filled, the streams grad- 
ually run in fewer channels, and the organ, ceasing to be 
thoroughly nourished, wastes away. When the organ is 
active all its vessels are filled ; all the vital changes, on 
which depend its growth and power, proceed rapidly. The 
force expended is renewed, unless the expenditure has 
been excessive, in which case there is a disturbance of the 
mechanism, and depression or disease results. But unless 



PKACTICAL TRAINING. 45 

tliere lias been excess, we see that the great advantage of 
exercise consists in keepiDg np a dne equalization of the 
circulation, an equable clislributicn of nutrition to the va- 
rious organs. Perfect health means the equablt3 activity 
of all the functions ; not the vigor of the muscular system 
alone, nor of the nervous system alone ; not the activity 
of this gland or that, but the equable vi^or of all. Ee- 
member that when life makes great demands upon the 
muscular energy, the demands upon the brain must be 
less ; and when the demands upon the brain are energetic, 
there is less force disposable for muscles and glands. 
The advantage of exercise to a student or any other 
brain-worker, as that it lessens the over-stimulus of his 
brain, distributes the blood more equably, colling to his 
muscles some of those streams which would impetu- 
ously be rushing through his brain. And understanding 
what this advantage is, he should be careful t.:) avail him- 
self of it ; but he should be careful to remember at the 
same time that within certain limits all the force with 
drawn by his muscles is withdrawn from the brain or some 
other organ. He must not burn the candle at both ends. 

It is certain that sedentary men, and men of hard-worked 
intellects, are greatly in need of some means of distributing 
the circulation through the muscles . Exercise is the means. 
When the avocations are such as to render coLtinuous ex- 
ercise in the open air difficult or impossible, we should 
seek to compensate for this by variety of gentle activities 
d'stributed throughout the day. No error is more com- 
mon than that of supposing open-air exercise to be indis- 
pensable to health : we may have no time for walking, 
rowing, riding or any of the ordinary modes of out-door 
activity, yet — as the excellent health and strength of domes- 
tic servants, who scarcely ever stir out, will show — the mere 
activity of the body, in various occupations, suffices for the 
equalization of the circulation. Let the sedentary stand 
as well as sit, changing the posture frequently, and using 
back and arms as variously as possible. A variety of gen- 
tle activities is more beneficial to the student than bursts 
of violent exercise. Above all things, remomber that in 
exercise, as in diet, the grand rule is moderation. Avoid 
fatigue ; as you would cease eating when appetite abates, 
cease muscular activity when the impulse to continue it 
abates. 

In general, the healthy man may eat almost anyth- 
ing in moderation ; but it is wiser for all to avoid 



46 PKACTIOAL TRAININ&. 

meat twice cooked, rich gravies and fried dislies. Na- 
ture tells us very plainly that that pleasure is a means 
no less than an end. The exercise which has in it the ele- 
ment of amusement is ten times as beneficial as a listless 
walk ; and the meal which is eaten with a rehsh is far more 
nutritious than a meal eaten only as a periodical necessity. 
Solitary walks along familiar or uninteresting roads, or soli- 
tary meals on dishes uu stimulating to the palate, are not to 
be compared with rambles through interesting tracts, or 
with stimulating companions, and meals where the guests, 
no less than dishes, add their pleasureable excitement. 

There is oiie point of regimen to which attention may be 
called, and that is, never to attempt ssvere mental or bodily 
labor after a full meal. If possible, let aU such labor be 
got through in the early part of the day, after breakfast, 
but before dinner ; not only because the bodily vigor is 
then greatest, but a'so because the restoration of that vigor 
through dinner should not be ' interfered with. We know 
that ill many cases this advice is impracticable. Night- 
work is inevitable in some lives, and is fancied to be so in 
the lives of students and literary men. In such cases, there 
is, at least, this mitigatiog resource — not to commence hard 
work until the labor of digestion is over. Thousands rum 
their digestion by disregarding this simple advice. If 
work after dinner be inevitable, 1st the dinner be a very 
light one, and let a light supper be eaten. 

In order to prove the facts above cited, a physician of 
our acquaintance tried the experiment upon two healthy 
dogs. They were both fed ahke and in similar quantities, 
one being allowed to rest in quiet an hour after feeding, 
and the other permitted to run around and frolic for a 
similar length of time. Both dogs were then ' killed, and 
the food of the one allowed to rest was quite digested, while 
that of the other was scarcely digested at all. 

No better general advice can be given in conclusion than 
that furnished us by the greatest physician of the present 
time. Dr. Willard Parker, now enjoying rugged health at 
the advanced LgQ of eighty, and being a living example of 
the truth of his reasoning. 

, The blood will be either good or bad, according as the 
material or food is good or bad. The character of blood 
made depends on the kind of food taken. In this country, 
as a rule, too much meat is eaten; meat once a day is suf- 
ficient, especially for brain workers. Tne waste matter 
from a meat diet is eliminated through the kidneys. Too 



PRACTICAL TRAINING. 47 

much labor thrown upon those organs produces disease. 
An overloaded stomach is unfavorabie ta active brain work. 
Man is hke an engine with two service pipes, one for the 
brain and one for the body, and no man has the requisito 
force to work both at once. Generally Americans bolt their 
food. It should be cooked. The first process of cooking a 
steak is on the range; the second is in the mouth, and this 
is done by working the saliva into the food by chewing. 
Thus is the food prepared to be acted upon by the juices of 
the stomach. Infants in nui'sing move the jaws to obtain 
the milk, and the working of the infant's jaw mixes the 
milk with the saliva, and thus fits that milk tj go into the 
s omach. After being subjected to the action of the stom- 
ach for two or three hours the food becomes fitted to pass 
into the circulation by absorption. To have good food, 
therefore, it is necessary that it be made of proper material 
properly prepared. We are fuiTiished with milk to start 
with as we enter the world. Had meat been the best diet, 
we should have bee a born with beefsteaks in our hands. 
But we are given milk. Milk and blood are nearer alike 
than any other two fluids; a large proportion of each is 
water. After milk, breadstuifs and vegetables are the best 
diet, and in warm climales fruit. Then meats. Sugar and 
fat go into the body not so much to nourish it as to be a fuel 
to give it warmth. Meat contains much ritrogenous matter, 
A hmited quantity of spirits at the principal meal, espe- 
cially for persons advanced in life or of weak digestion, 
may aid in the combustion of the food. Spirits aid diges- 
tion in feeble and aged persons; but only the feeble or the 
aged require such a stmiulus. The young and vigorous do 
n(^t need it, and are better off without it. Middle aged 
persons may perhaps drink a little sphit with their meals 
without danger; but they cannot safely make it a beverage. 
In small quantities alcohoHc drinks stimulate, and if not 
enough is taken to coagulate the pepsin and the albumen 
in the food they promote digestion in x)roper cases, and thus 
help to repair the system. But whenever more alcoholic 
liquor is taken into the stomach with the food than is de- 
man ded it passes into the circulation, distui'bs the action 
of the heart, flushes the face and confuses the brain. When 
so much fermented or distilled liquor is taken into the sys- 
tem that the functions of the organism are disturbed posi- 
tive harm is done — the system has been so far poisoned. 
An irritation has been set up instead of the desired health- 
ful stimulation of the stomach. 



48 PRACTICAL TRAININa. 

The Imman system contains water, fat, starch, sugar, nitro- 
genous substances, iron, sulphur, pliosphorus, animal qui- 
nine, sodium potassium and chlorine; but no alcohol is 
found. It has no like in the system, hence there is nothing 
that it can repair, and it cannot, therefore, be ranked as a 
food of any kind. It possesses an inherent deleterious 
propel tj^, which, when introduced into the system, is capa- 
ble of destioying life, and it has its place with arsenic, 
belladonna, prussic acid and opium. Like these, it is to be 
employed as a medicine, and has its true position in works 
on materia medica. It is both a poison and a medicine. 

It has been settled by science that alcohol, which passes 
into the blood when more is taken than* can be employed 
as a condiment or tonic, undergoes no change in the blood, 
but exists there as a foreign substance, creating irritation; 
aid the excitement involved in the effort to throw off the 
irritating substance wastes the energy and life of the system. 
After alcohol has produced disease of the stomach it next 
expends its force upon the neighboring organs, inducing 
disease of the Hver and dropsy or Bright's disease, both of 
which are fatal to health, if not to life. 

The life insurance companies understand it. Their 
figures show that while a temperate young man at twenty 
may reasonably look forward to forty -four years and two 
months of life, the young man of the same age who poisons 
his system with drink can expect not more than fifteen 
years and six months. He who uses alcohol becomes an 
easy prey of epidemics; his system cannot resist the poison 
of diphtheria, cholera and fevers. 

To make good blood we require good food, pure water, 
pure air, sunlight and exercise. Either foul air or impure 
water poisons the blood. If you don't throw off two pounds 
and three-quarters of effete matter every twenty-four hoiU"S 
through the lungs and two pounds through the pores you 
must expect sooner or later to fall. Nothing is more essen- 
tial than pure air. Impure air is the source of our ship 
fevers. 

Cleanliness has been classed as akin to godliness. It cer- 
tainly takes high rank in equalizing the circulation. The 
jockeys apj)reciate its importance. How regularly and care- 
fully they groom their horses ! Is not man as precious as 
the horse? Every man should groom himself every morn- 
ing — sponge himself from head to foot with water of the 
temperature of the room in which he sleeps. The purpose 
of wetting the surface is merely to make the friction of a 




TETEE, J. PANOHOT, 

Pirst Winner XJ. S. Six-day Go-as-you-please Champion 

Belt; making 480 miles and defeating 40 competitors. 




BLOWER BROWN, 
Second Winner Six-day Go-as-you-please English Cham- 
pion Belt, making over 542 miles, April, 1879. 




EDWAED PATSON WESTON, 
the American Long-distance Walker; 



PE ACTIO Ai TRAINING. - 49 

rough towel more effectiye as it is rubbed oyer tlie person. 
You shou-d not sleep in any garment that you wear by day, 
and the room in which you sleep shou'd be perfectly ven- 
tilated by a fireplace and a partly opened window if possible. 

If, after you have observed the rules of hygiene to the 
extent indicated you have cold feet and limbs and indiges- 
tion and a tendency to vertigo, plunge your feet into water, 
as hot as you can baari , and teep them there five minutes. 
Then put them into cold water for a second. 

*'Cool head, free bowels, v/arm feet and a good- salary" 
is the old aphorism. If yoii suffer your feet to get cold 
you are in danger of appor.lexy of the brain or of the 
lungs. Cold feet are very likely to be associated with a 
sluggish state of the bowels. The feet are co'd because 
there is too much blood in one place and too little in an- 
other. Cold feet follow the breaking of an equilibrium of 
the . circulation. Sedentary occupations are provocative 
of cold feet. If you keep the skin clean and the bowels. 
free and 4ake moderate exercise you will maintain an equi- 
libr 'ujh of circulation, and this equalized circulation will keep 
the feet warm. When the feet are cold it is better to warm 
them with exercise than at a fire. Look at the wood chop- 
per, swingiug his arms so that his hands slap his sides. 
Thus he carries the blood to his hands, and it warms them. 
That is the best w^armth for either. There is a vast differ- 
ence between the longevity of men who take care of them- 
selves and of those who do not. It is, as the life insurance 
companies' tables show, as thirty-five is to about seventy. 
The man w^ho bows to all the known laws of hygiene not 
only hves longer, but is able a'so to enter into all the joys 
of life without the aches and pains. 



THE LATE JOHN MORKISSEY'S YTEWS. 

The Honorable John Morrissey, ex-champion pugilist of 
America, in conversation with us about diet, said : 

"Mr. James, you can form no idea of the glorious feel- 
ing that a man experiences when he gets himself in perfect 
condition. Evers^thing in the world looks different to him 
fi'om what it does when his system is clogged up with bile, 
•child he is carrying a quantity of flesh that is only a burden 
to him. It is almost impossible to get a man when in such 
a condition into a bad humor. He feels like a young colt, 
and wants to kick up his heels and have a good time wicli 
ever^diody and everything he meets." His course of train- 
ing was as follows : 



50 



PRACTICAL TRAINING. 



First. Take a black draught. Any druggist \Yill put it 
up. Ail prize-fighters take this "when they begin to train 
for a fight. You'll find it the liveliest dose of medicine you 
ever took. 

Second. Be sure and get at least seven or eight hours of 
good sound sleep every day. 

Third. In the morning when you first get up drink a 
glass of hard cider with a raw egg in it. If the cider is 
not to be had taen use sherry wine, but I prefer the cider. 
Then start out and walk briskly for a couple of miles. 
"When jou come back take a sponge bath and rub yourself 
dry with a coarse towel. Bub until your skin is all aglow. 

Fourth. For breakfast eat a lean steak, cooked rare, and 
stale bread. Use no milk, no sugar, no butterj and no po- 
tatoes, with the exception of about once a week. If you 
wish you can eat a roast or baked potato in the morning. 
Drink sparingly of tea and coffee. Tea is the best. 

Fifth. For dinner eat rare roast beef and stale bread. 
Use no potatoes or vegetables of any kind with this meaL 
For change you can have occasionally a mutton chop. 

Sixth. For supper, a lean steak or a mutton chop, with 
out fat. Do not eat any warm biscuits cr warm bread, at 
any time. Stick to good wholesome stale wheat bread. 
Eat no pies, cakes or pastry of any kind, and use pepper, 
salt and all other seasonings very sparingly. 

Seventh. Use no stimulants of any kind. Do not smoke. 
Drink sparingly of water. Do not eat berries or vegeta- 
bles of any kind, excepting occasionally a raw onion. 

Eighth. If you feel weak in the morning before break- 
fast, it comes from the bathing, and it should be discon- 
tinued for a few days. 

The system for hardening the muscles, etr^., most ap- 
proved of by the Senator and the leading pugi ists, is being 
first sponged with a decoction of arnica flowers, alum, bo- 
rax and Jamaica rum, then bathed with hartshorn liniment, 
and an application of white wine vinegar mixed with alum 
and borax to the face and hands. The proportions of the 
ingredients used in the sponge bath have hitherto been a 
profound secret with the professional trainer. For the 
benefit of the fraternity we here print them : Take two 
pounds of arnica flowers, five cents' woi^th of borax, five 
cent s' worth of alum, and steep aU together, after ijulver- 
izmg the alum and borax, in a gallon or so of Jamaica rum, 
and after letting it steep for twenty-four hours, apply as 
before stated. 



PRACTICAL TRAINING. 



51 



TRAINING IN REGARD TO PUGILISM 
AND WRESTLING. 

The work necessary to reduce or otherwise bring the 
pugilist into something hke condition will be, of course, 
nearly if not precisely similar to the training required for 
a pedestrian or other match. The physiciug wi 1 require 
great attention; all drastic and gTiping medicines are to be 
avoided, if possible, and cases will occur from time to time 
where no medicine ought to be given whatever. The man 
in one of these instances will be in a low state, and requu^e 
feeding and training up. In another, the body will be in 
so open and relaxed a state that the prescribing and giving 
the usual dose would be followed to a certainty by the 
patient training right off, and failing into a low and pros- 
trate condition. In the general state of health, however, 
which characterizes the pugilist when matched to fight 
(with a full habit of body, flushed countenance, and a pulse 
full and slow), the usual dose, salts, etc., mp.y be introduced 
with advantage, but the quantities and frequent use left to 
the usual habit of the man, or to the judgment of the 
trainer. The physicing and preparation for the hard work 
should occupy the first week; and the number of sweats 
taken during the second week should be regulated by the 
state of inside and the loose flesh on the body. A sharp 
run will soon shov/ the state of the inside by the state of 
"the bellows," whether the wind is short or not, and the 
manner in which the loosa flesh shakes when sparring is a 
pretty fair criterion of there being a good quantity of out- 
side superfluity to get away. He ought to be rubbed down 
after his runs and fast walks, and dry clothes xmt on in a 
warm, dry room. The loss of weight should be gradual. 
If, on the contrary, the loss be too rapid, and continue 
daily, the reducing system must cease, and feeding up take 
the place of sweating for a few days until the system is 
restored. The meals, of course, must be taken regularly, 
and consist of the same kind of animal food as recom- 
mended previously, and the beverage most suited to the 
constitution of the man taken in small quantities — the ki id 
and quantity, of course, being leit to the judgment of the 
trainer. "Wine is principall}^ given when the man has to be 
trained up, and then good old port wine will be found to 
be of the most service. The pugilists of the present day 
strengthen the arms, loins, and shoulders by hitting out at 
a striking-bag suspended from a beam, and a large bladder 



52 



PKACTICAL TRAIlN^]^G. 



hung in like manner; by exercise with pnlleys, the ropes 
passin--^' OYer wheels and having weights attached; plenty of 
practice with the gloves, diversified with the use of a skip- 
ping-rope, and finally , but by no means of minor importance, 
by continual sharp practice with dumb-bells of about seven 
pounds weight or under. Good condition in the pugilist will 
be shown by the healthy state of the skin, which will be clear, 
with a ruddy tinge underneath, as well as soft, with the 
muscles underneath swelling and feeling firm to the touch 
at every movement of the limb or portion under manipula- 
tion. The eye will be clear and bright, and a look of 
confidence and ease of mind characterize the expression 
and looks of the athlete. As regards the pickle for the 
hands and face, the nostrums for the first are legion, and 
one as good as another; but we believe that nothing is 
better than the simple juice of a lemon for the latter, and 
which will be found to answer every intended purpose. 

The trainer ought to be chosen with regard to his 
conversational powers, as well as for his knowledge of what 
is requisite for the physical health of his pupil, that he 
may amuse and instruct him to the fullest extent of his 
power. The trainer should inform him, if possible, of all 
the peculiarities of the antagonist, his mode of attack and 
method of defense, the weak points of his temper, or any 
physical deficiency under which he might labor, as well 
as the manner in which he may have won or lost any 
previous battle. And, as in many cases the first or second 
telling may not have the effect of raising the curiosity of 
his man, the patience of the trainer should not give way 
under the repetition before the slow and obtuse curiosity is 
roused to such an extent that the pugilist commences the 
interrogation in his turn, and becomes anxious in his in- 
quiries for information, which will almost invariably be the 
case when he finds out the importance that the trainer's 
continued repetitions have invested the apparent trifles 
with. 



PEINCIPAL MUSCLES USED BY THE ATHLETE. 

In high jumping, the front muscles of the thigh are prin- 
cipally used. They are attached at one end to the top part 
of the thigh bone, at the ocher to the knee cap, which 
passes over the knee, and is fixed to the top part of the 
shin bone. In the act of jumping, these muscles contract 
violently, and straighten the leg with a jerk, the quick- 



PEACTICAi TRAINING. 53 

ness of which mainly contributes to the height of the 
jump. 

In long jumping, the muscles of the back part of the 
thigh are used; these are -attached to the back part of the 
shin bone at oiDe end, and to the lower part of the pelvis 
at the other, and by contracting draw the leg backwards 
on the trunk. This action is also assisted by the gliitoeus 
maximus, which is fixed at one end of the top part of the 
thigh, at the other to the lowest part of the vertebral 
column. 

In long distance running, the front and back muscles of 
the thigh are used in equal proportions; the former in 
raising the body at every stride, the latter in propelling it 
forward. But in the case of running on the toes, the calf 
of the leg will be the weak part; so much so that no 
amount of practice will enable some, especially heavy men, 
to run any distance on their toes. 

In short distance running, the front muscles of the thigh 
which lie nearest to the trunk, bring the leg forward in 
the rapid repetition of the strides. These are a different 
set from those that straighten the leg, and are used in 
long distance running; they are attached at one end to the 
lower and front part of the pelvis, and at the other end to 
the top x^art of the thigh bone. The back muscles of the 
thigh are the same that are used in long distance running 
for propelling the body forwards. A narrow pelvis is a 
great assistance in this, as indeed in all running; for on 
the narrowness of the pelvis facility in repeating the strides 
principally depends. 

In throwing the hammer, more depends on the swing 
than on the strength of any particular muscle, though the 
strain comes more particularly on the small of the back — • 
that is, on the muscles which raise and keep the back 
erect, and are attached to all the vertebra of the spine. 

In putting the stone, the muscles called particularly into 
action are the front part of the deltoid, which is attached 
to the top x^art of the arm, and at the other end to the 
collar bone, and brings the arm upwards and forwards; the 
top part of the pectoral muscle, which also runs from the 
top of the arm to the collar bone, and brings the arm for- 
wards; the triceps, which is fixed. at one end of the shoul- 
der and shoulder blade, and at the other end of the fore- 
arm, below the elbow, and extends the arm at the elbow 
joint. The feet are also assisted by a simultaneous spring 
with the, legs, and a rapid turn of the body. 



54 PRACTICAL TEAINING. 

In walking, the muscles of the whole body are brought 
into action more than in any of the other exercises we 
have alluded to. The arms and back assist the legs greatly 
in changing the balance of the body, and in bringing the 
hips'forward at each stride. The calf of the leg has much 
work to do, even as much as running on the toes. The 
muscle, however, that suffers most is that which rises on 
the outside of the shin bone, near the knee, and runs down 
the leg, crossing the shin near the ankle, to be inserted 
near the inside of the sole of the foot. This muscle raises 
the foot, and draws it back towards the leg at the end of 
the stride, and also points the heel at the commencement; 
so that in fast walking it has no rest, and consequently 
becomes very painful. The front and back muscles of the 
thigh also come in for a large share of work. 

The following measurements are an average of the 
dimensions of some of the best runners, and may be taken 
as a fair guide of what the proportion of the limbs should 
be respectively: 

Height. . . . Bit. Gin 5ft. Sin 5ft. lOin 6ft. 

Weight.... llGlbs 1331bs 1491bs 1681bs. 

Chest 35in 37in 39in 40in. 

Waist 27in 28in 29in 31in. 

Hips 34in 35iin 37in 38in. 

Thigh 20in 21in 22in 23in. 

Calf ISiin 14in 14|in 15in. 

The dimensions of the chest may appear small at first 
sight, but it must be remembered that the runner has no 
muscles of the shoulder blades to increase his measure- 
ment. A well-made runner has not that top-heavy appear- 
ance that characterizes the gymnast who does much arm 
work. 



TEMPEEAMENT.' 

The Sanguine Temperament belongs to that class with 
bright, ruddy complexion, light hair, and full circulation. 
Their disposition is energetic and spirited, but their- power 
of resisting disease or of bearing protracted exercise is 
not great, and their ardent character is rather the result of 
nervous excitability than of vital force. Their power lies 
in dash rather than in endurance. 

The Bilious Temperament is of an opposite description. 
The circulation is sluggish, the disposition persevering 
and obstinate ; the constitution as a rule is tough, and is 
capable of severe tasks, under which the sanguine would 




NOTED SWIMMERS. 

1 Geo. Werhan. 2. Fred. Beckwith. 3. Capt. M. Webb- 

4 E. Von Shoening. 5. Geo. F. Ferns. 6. Geo. Wade» 

7 Wm. H. Daly 8. H. Troutz, 9. Wm. Beckwith. 




"WILLIAM MULDOON, Wrestler 



~ PRACTICAL TRAINma. 55 

succumb. These men are good subjects for traiuingj but 
tliey require good food and much exercise. 

The LjTuphatic are of a pale complexion, with delicate 
skins and full habit of body. There is a torpor about their 
mental as well as muscular actions. "When subject to dis- 
ease they become peevish and are difficult to treat. When 
united to a nervous disposition, they are perhaps the worst 
class of men for training, though we sometimes find much 
latent energy in them. To a certain extent, nervousness is 
overcome by habit ; but the nutrition of the nerve power 
ought to be the main point in the advancement of health. 
The nerves are the controllers of the actions ; they regulate 
the contraction of muscles in the activity of the body. The 
work done by the muscles depends on the proper adjust- 
ment of the mechanism, their guidance and activity on the 
energy of the nerves. The important work tha,fc the nerves 
fulfill is evident, when we consider that the brain itself needs 
one fifth of the wZiole supply of the blood in the body. It 
must suffer, therefoi^c, if the supply of air to the blood is 
bad. How easily is accounted for the dull aching of the 
temples of the athlete accustomed to pure air in a badly 
Tentilated theatre or room. If deficient oxidition of the 
blood is the cause of derangement to the nervous system, 
blood of bad quahtj must be equally hurtful to the muscu- 
lar. The sensibihties of the internal organs are the dispo- 
sition of each person to such a degree as to be infiueneed 
by the slightest sensation of pain, joy, grief, or any feeling 
of the mind. The reaction affects the muscular system ; all 
the functions of body are carried on by a system of self 
and mutual help, so intimately united together as to be de- 
pendent for proficiency on one another. 



GROWTH AND DECAY. 

The food after mastication by the teeth, and solution by 
the action of the saliva, gastric and other juices, is taken 
up by a system of vessels, and^ minghng with the venous 
blood, is carried to the heart, whence it is sent to the lungs to 
be aerated, and back again by another set of vessels to the 
heart, to be finally jDumped through the arteries to all 
parts of the body, carrying materials for the re^oair of the 
tissue, and production of heat. In the very minute termi- 
nations of the caj^illary arteries in those structures., w^herc 
the molecular change of the body goes on, the current of 
the blood is very slow, to enable the warmth and susten- 



56 PEACTICAL TEAINING. 

ance of the body to be kept up by the chemical actions of 
destruction and reproduction of tissue. The oxygen in the 
arterial blood obtained from the lungs is carried through- 
out the system and assists these actions, therefore perfect 
respiration and pure air are the great promoters of change 
of tissue. This shows the necessity of the blood being in 
a sufficiently hquid state to hold gases and nutritiYe mat- 
ter in solution for the purposes of oxydizing tissue and 
of forming flesh. The amount of water in the blood de- 
termines to a great extent the health of the body, the blood 
being the organ of the vital processes of change. The 
severe restrictions on liquid imposed on those in training, 
who by arduous exercise waste much tissue and need much 
repair, are, therefore, physiologically wrong. The action of 
the air on the skin stimulates the secretion, and exercise, in- 
directly raising the heat of the body, induces perspiration, 
which is nature's remedy to keep the temperature of the 
body constant. Evaporation and secretion require water. 
On a daily average, 21b. of water is thrown oE by the skin 
in moderate exercise. Water forms 70 per cent, of the 
whole body, and for the digestive fluids the proportion of 
water to solid is as 12 to 1. Liquidity is necessary, also, 
for the actual processes of decay and repair, by causing the 
passage of fluids of different densities through the various 
animal membranes from the oxydation of venous blood in 
the moist air of the lung cells to the repair of tissue by the 
smallest capillary in the extremities. 

Want of liquid causes a stagnation of the circulation, an 
inflammatory state of the body, and excites the nervous 
system to an extraordinary degree. Owing to this want, 
under the usual system of training regimen, the body m 
frequently in a state of fever about the second week, until 
either the trainee gives up the prepaication, or his constitu- 
tion has temporarily accommodated itself to the change at 
the expense of his vital energy. 

The nourishment of the body by the food taken is im- 
portant in its regard to health, and its variety. The pri- 
mary object of food is to form l3lood, and according to the 
condition in which the body receives it, greater or less nu- 
triment, at the same expense of vital activity, can be ob- 
tained. The assistance of nature, by proper cooking and 
careful selection of articles, is in our own hands. Our 
vegetables should be well cooked, and the animal food 
ought to be done so as to retain the juices of the meat. 
Let it be rather under than ©verdone. Brown meat is 



PEACTIOAL TRAINING. 67 

more nutritious than wMte. If the digestion is good, the 
athlete need not be particular as to description of food. 
Eich sauces are not to be recommended, or even heavy pud- 
dings, but jeUies and light ones are most acceptable. A 
healthy, robust man, in hard work^ may eat nearly anything 
in moderation. The food should be well masticated, to en- 
able the saliva to dissolve the starchy matter in it, and also 
to prevent a sudden loading of the stomach. The blood 
during cligestion is princijcahy employed about the stom- 
ach. Exercise or mental work, therefore, directly after a 
meal, will retard the operation of digestion by taking away 
the blood to the limbs or brain. 

Great mental activity requires much repose. In the 
winter more sleep is required than in the summer, from the 
fact that the activity of the system, in keeping up its 
warmth, etc., though of shorter duration, is greater. Sleep 
after food is often required by nervous persons of weak 
digestion, but the athlete is better without it, an amusing 
book, light study, etc., taking its place. A mattress gives 
the soundest sleep. The quantity of clothing should be 
sufficient to keep up a gentle e:dialation from the skin. 
The WTcSting of the body to reduce weight is frequently 
carried to a ridiculous extent. It has been proved that the 
body in daily work loses about l-24th of its weight, and 
that life ceases when the waste has reduced it to 3-5ths 
of its original weight. In the nerves, however, the loss 
is hardly perceptible; while the fat suffers in double 
the proportion of the muscles, 90 and 45 per cent, re- 
spectively . 

This may well explain the nervous excitability of the 
body when kept beyond its regular time for food, or when 
supplied .with fcoct of deficient quahty. The arrangement 
of the internal mechanism must go on, respiration continues, 
chculation and heat result, at the expense of the machine 
itself. By regularity in meals the stomach accommodates 
itself to the changes of action and repose, and the system 
harmonizes with it. 



MEATS, ETC., TO BE AVOIDED. 

Veal, pork, and salt beef or bacon should be avoided; also 
goose, duck, and wildfowl generally; as well as butter, 
cucumbers, sweets, and all seasonings, except salt with a 
little black pepper. Venery should not be indulged in 
under any ciicumstances while training. 



58 



PRACTICAL TRAINING. 



NATUEAL SAVEATING-. 

Put on extra clotliing over those parts more particularly 
which are loaded with fat. Thus^ if the legs are very fat, 
two or three pair of trowsers should be drawn on; if the 
abdomen is full, then a double apron of flannel should be 
suspended from the neck under the trowsers; and if the 
arms and neck are loaded, two or three thick undershirts 
may be worn, and a woolen shawl wrapped round the 
iieck. When thus clothed, a brisk walk or a slow run of 
two or three miles brings on a profuse perspiration, which 
may be kept up for an hour or so by being covered with 
blankets, of by lying in front of a good fire; the clothes 
should be then stripped off, beginniDg with the upper part 
of the body, and sponging each with hot salt water, before 
drying it with a coarse towel, after which horse-hair 
gloves should be used freely. The dressing may be ss 
usual, taking care to expose each limb as short a time as 
possible. 



AETIFICIAL SWEATING. 

Take a Turkish bath, or the whole body should be stripped 
and immediately wrapped in a sheet wrung out of cold 
water, but not so as to get rid of all the water; then, roll- 
ing the patient in a thick blanket, inclosing the arms, like 
a mummy, he is placed beneath a feather bed, covermg all 
up to the chin. In a quarter of an hour or so reaction 
comes on, and a most profuse perspiration breaks out over 
the whole body. When the sweating has continued from 
an hour to an hour and a half, everything should be taken 
off, and cold water poured over the whole body by means 
of a shower bath; then rub dry and clothe. 



SWEATING LIQUOES. 

A scBUPLE of Dover's powder at night, or half a pint of 
whey made with white wine, and with thirty drops each of 
antimonial wine, and sweet spirits of nitre added. Care 
should be taken ..to rub the whole body with horse-hair 
gloves night and morning. 



TEEATMENT OF THE FEET, HANDS, SINEWS, Etc. 

The chief cause of tender feet rests with the socks and 
shoes or boots in which the pedestrian may commence his 



PRACTICAL TRAINING. 59 

"worli. By no means attempt work in new boots, or in 
tliose, however well seasoned, that are not of SYL^cieni 
length and width in the tread and across the toes. The 
thickness, so as they are of a sound double sole and 
perfectly water-tight at the lower part, does not so much 
matter; but a few dajs' use will soon prove to the training 
man that a rather stout pair will keep his feet sounder and 
be of more comfort to him, in a long journey, than the 
lighter kind. Different men, however,, are of various 
opinions; but Westhallj during a long experience, found 
that a pair of boots laced up the front and reaching a trifle 
above the ankle and of medium stoutness, answered every 
purpose required by anyone who is satisfied with doing 
well. A very thick pair, of course, may be kept in reserve 
for very wet and muddy weather, when slow work only will 
be advisable to be taken. Should the pedestrian, however, be 
obstinate, and take fast work in the heavy boots, he will in 
most cases be punished by sore shins, which will prove a 
source of such trouble that the lighter sort of boots will be 
in requisition for the future. The socks should be of an 
easy fit and of fine v/arm lambs'-wooL The chief care 
about the socks, however, is taking the precaution that a 
pair of socks should never be worn a second time until 
thoroughl}^ aired, and if possible a supply should be so 
provided that they may be rinsed out in cold water, and 
then dried before again being worn. 

The above precautions wiii prove of the greatest value to 
those who have feet given to sweating, and in some 
instances have proved an efiectual cure for the incon- 
venience. The toenails should be attended to regularly, 
and the shape of the foot v»^ill be the best criterion for their 
treatment. To prevent the hands from swelling, a short 
stick or switch, carried in the hand will be efficacii)us while 
walking about. Strains are of frequent occurrence, and 
chiefly arise from, the man making some sudden effort when 
the tendons or the fascia (the thin covering) of the muscles 
are stiff and sore from previous hard work. The tendon 
Achilles — from the heel to the calf of the leg — is the 
principal seat of the most dangerous of the strains of the 
tendons, and is incurable except by rest, and that of some 
duration. Should there be any swelliDg and hardening of 
the injured portion of the tendon, do not attempt any 
methods of self- treatment, but seek medical advice. All 
strains are assisted in their cure by bandaging, but they 
should not be applied until hot fomentaticzs for some 



60 PRACTICAL TBAINING. 

time have been applied, and finished up by the applica- 
tion of tbe embrocation, with plenty of friction, before 
a fire. 

Soft Coens. — Pick off with the nails as much as possible; 
next day apply caustic, rubbing it in; afterward keep a piece 
of carded cotton between the toes night and day. 

Haed Corns. — ^Pare off the hard cujicle; then apply tinc- 
ture of iodine with a brush or caustic. 

Hardening the Flesh. — Lemon juice is one of the simplest 
and best for rubbing on the hand. Horseradish grated 
and mixed with -vinegar is also good. Whiskey poured in 
- the shoe is frequently used. 

Bunions. — Apply two or three leeches every day for a 
week; when the bites are well, brush with tincture of iodine 
every other day. An apphcation of "Papier Fayard" is 
sometimes very beneficial. 

Boils. — ^Apply linseed poultice, or open it with a knife. 
If on the " seat of honor," apply a plaster spread on lea- 
ther, and composed of equal parts of mercurial and opiate 
plaster. Do not use the knife. To those subject to boils 
use the following as a preventative : take nitrate of silver, 
from fifteen to twenty grains to the ounce, made into a 
wash, and paint the surface every night. This turns the 
skin black, but do not mind that. 

Strains. — The following is the receipt of Westhall's 
stimulating embrocation: Spirits of wine, J pint; spirits of 
turpentine, J pint; white vinegar, J pint. Mix thoroughly, 
warm by the fire, beat up a fresh egg, and mix gradually 
with the spirits, etc. ; shake the bottle well. 

Sprains. — For sprained ankle, make a flannel bag about 
-a foot long by six inches wide, which fill with bran and 
plunge into boihng water until thoroughly saturated; then 
squeeze almost dry, and apply it as hot as the patient can 
bear on the weak part. There should be a couple of bags, 
so that when one application gets cool fresh heat may be 
immediately applied. 

Chapped Hands, Etc. — Smear over the parts chapped 
with glycerine, by means of a brush or feather, night and 
morning. 

Blisters. — Prick with a fine needle before they burst, 
inserting the needle obliquely, and the water presses out, 
repeating whenever the blister fills again. If the blister is 
broken, apply collodion with a brush; if too painful, use 
finely carded medicated cotton in a thin layer, under a kid 
glove, or powdered gum-arabic, taking care to keep the 




LABRy FOLEY, JAOK THOMPSON, 

Noted Australian Pugilists. 




JOHN ENNIS, 
Long-distance "Walker. 




CHAELES A. HAKEIMAN, 

American Long-distance Walker. 



PEACTICAL TBAINING. 



61 



hands from water for twenty-four honrs. For feet blisters, 
spread a piece of kid with soap- plaster, applying over the 
skin ; also bathe in strong salt water mixed with powdered 
alum and vinegar. If large, run a stocking-needle thread- 
ed with white worsted through ; then cut the end off, leaving 
the worsted in the blister until the water runs out. Do 
not leave off washing the feet in salt water, etc., as this 
will act as a preventative. 



EXEECISE, SUN BATHS, ETC. 

The increasing interest in the matter of healthy exercise is 
shown by the number of athletic clubs and gymnasiums 
throughout the country, especially so in our colleges of learn- 
ing and public institutions. Most of these have every gym- 
nastic appliance, as also professors to give instruction; but 
where such do not exist a complete outfit at a very moderate 
expense can be obtained, all ready for use. The rowing 
machine has been previously described. The health lift, as 
a gentle exercise, is rapidly becoming an institution of 
necessity to persons of sedentary habits, and brings into 
action, when properly used, as many muscles of the human 
"frame as any other exercise, and yet consumes but a few 
moments of time daily, which of itself is an important item 
to brain-workers and industrious humanity generally. It 
is so adjustable as to be alike suited for the weakest, 
strongest, shortest and tallest persons of either sex. Indian 
clubs, dumb-bells, trapeze bar and rings and striking bag 
may all be readily obtained, and, simpler still for in-door 
exercise, Goodyear's Patent Parlor Gymnasium, which can 
be used by ladies and children without any fear of strain 
or the slighest jar to the system. Dr. Dio Lewis, in his 
work on New Gymnastics, gives a-series of movements and 
illustrations without the aid of any auxiliaries, so that there 
can be no possible excuse for neglectiDg exercise. Sun and 
air baths, involving no expense, can always be had. By these 
we mean exposing the body naked a certain portion of the 
day to their effects. It was the custom of John Quincy 
Adams to walk up and down his bedroom nude, and with 
open windows as a preventative of colds. This le practiced 
both winter and summer, with the desired effect, living to 
be over eighty. With a view still more to the assistance 
and preservation of nature, General Pleasanton has vmtten 



62 PEACTICAL TBAn>[ING. 

an elaborate work, claiming wonderful effects in nervous 
diseases from the sun's rays as reflected through blue glass 
panes, and his theory is extensively practiced with very 
encouraging results. Dr. Samuel E. Elliott of this city, an 
athlete as well as a very skillful physician and scientist, 
has found that in some cases the blue glass alone produces 
too strong an effect, and believes that alternate blue and 
white strips, two or three inches wida, engender the proper 
form and quantity of electricity;' and we tlierefo^^e suggest 
that his plan be adopted. The patient should sH for an 
hour or more daily in such position that, whatever part of 
the body is affected, may be acied upon by the ra}>s thus 
received. Where advice can be had it is better to obtain 
it, as all persons cannot even take electricity in the same 
manner, quantity or proportion. The glass should not be 
colored on the surface alone, but through and through, of 
a deep mazarine hue. 



BATHS— HOT, COLD, ETO. 

The use of water cannot be too much applied to any 
athlete as regards outward application, but of course cold 
is the most beneficial if the constitution of the recipient be 
of sufficient vigor; and there are but very few indeed who 
are so delicate as to require tepid or warm water; but even 
the latter are better than the absence, even partially, of the 
bath. Cold baths may be taken anyhow and anywhere, 
provided the whole of the body is immersed or thoroughly 
sponged over, but the most decided benefit will De derived 
from the plunge bath. However, equally successful results 
may be gained by the use of a large bath well filled with 
water, the body being well sluiced with the water from a 
large sponge. The shower is also of great benefit, but in 
some conditions of body the sudden shock has rendered 
the nervous system so irritable that it has undone all the 
good intended by tlie reaction. Where there is not the 
convenience of a bath of any kind, a towel dipped in water 
and the body thoroughly and briskly rubbed will insure a 
thorough cleansing of the pores of the skin, and of course 
a proportionate share of vigor given to the frame. In the 
present system of training, the pedestrian puts on his 
sweaters and does the work set him by his trainer, and 
then, when he is in a state of perfect perspiration, he 



PKACTIC.\I. TEAESING. 63 

throws off his wet and reeking flannels, and takes his 
shower with the gTeatest unconcern, knowing that the 
friction which is afterwards apphed will restore the proper 
heat of the body after the sudden shock of the shower 
has closed the pores of the skin for the time and relieved 
him of all his previous fatigue. The rubbing restores the 
circulation of the small blood-vessels of the skin, and so 
strong and fresh do the pedestrians feel after this treat- 
ment that, when dressed, they all declare they feel no 
remains of their previous fatigue. Nothing but good has 
accrued from the treatment, and those who have under- 
gone a trial of the sweat and shower swear by the 
method. 

The Turkish bath is only fit to reduce an infirm and 
obese man to something like weight to begin work, and 
can on]y be looked upon as a luxury, and not an adjunct 
to training, besides being far from healthy. The hot bath 
is of course requii^ed when a man is stiff and tired all over 
from cold or overfatigue, when they will modify the symp- 
toms; but, as they are so simple and so easily obtainable, 
they require no further comment. A vapor bath is of 
considerable use in assisting a healthy and fat man to 
reduce his weight; but after sweating he must be rubbed 
with a wet cloth, or have a shower; he should then put on 
a set or two of flannels, and do at least an hour of severe 
work, during which time the reducing process will be 
going on in perfection. On arriving home the wet towel 
should be applied, or a sponging with cold water; after 
a good rub, and fresh clothing being donned, it will 
be found there has been a good morning's work accom- 
plished. 

The vapor bath can be made in a very home-spun and 
simple manner, but equally efficacious with those attached 
to baths of large name, etc. A washing or any other flat 
tub, a third filled with very hot water, in which is placed 
a stool, will do for the ground-work of the vapor. Take 
your seat on the stool, the feet of course outside the tub, 
and be well covered with blankets round the neck, and 
round the tub, leaving an opening which can be closed at 
leisure. Having heated two or three large bricks to a red 
heat, put one into the water, and when cooled another, 
until the bath has been prolonged a sufficient time. This 
is a primitive but a very useful bath to put into use to 
relieve a bad cold, or for any other service required at a 
short notice. 



64 



PRACTICAL TEAINING-. 



THIEST, MEDICINE, ETC. 

The chief punishment when a man is in the conrse of 
training requisite to reduce his bulk is thif st, which is in 
most cases of rather a severe character. The same amount 
of pluck which enables the man to go through his work 
and adhere to other rules must be here called into requisi- 
tion. The best plan is to gargle the mouth, but not 
swallow any; but the application of cold water will be 
found to afford the greatest rehef — washing the hands, 
wrists, and face freely wiU give relief; a little pebble kept 
in the mouth is a very good thing, but faithfully avoid all 
nostrums such as cream of tartar, tartaric acid, etc., when 
suffering from thirst, as they only gratify the palate with- 
out reheving the craving for liquid immediately the acid 
taste has passed, when the before troublesome feeling 
becomes much augmented. Should relief, however, become 
ipaperative, a small portion of powdered nitre will be fol- 
lowed by an immediate flow of saliva, which will give in- 
stant but unfortunately only partial ease. There, however, 
is no increase of the s^ymptoms from the application of the 
remedy, which will assist the action of the kidneys, and 
allay the accompanying fever of the system. The chief 
cure is to wait until the next meal-time, when the previous 
abstinence from stolen enjoyment will be rewarded by an 
approving conscience in having resisted a severe tempta- 
tion. The thirst will leave a man when he leaves off 
sweating. 



WEIGHT AS PEOPOKTIONAL TO HEIGHT. 



HEIGHT. WEIGHT. 

5ft. lin. should be 120 pounds. 

5ft. 2m 12G 

5ft. Sin 133 

5ft. 4in 136 

5ft. 5m 142 " 

5ft. 6in 145 



HEIGHT. WEIGHT. 

5ft. Tin. should be 148 pounds. 

5ft. Sin. ........ 155 

5ft. 9in 162 

5ft. lOin 169 

5ft. llin 174 

6ft. 178 



The above table was formed by Dr. Hutchingson, and. 
was taken from a mean average of 2,648 healthy men. By 
this scale life insurances are regulated in England. The 
Doctor's calculations were made upon the volume of air 
passing in and cut of the Jungs, and this was his guide a^ 
to how far the various organs of the body were in health, 
and the lungs in particular, 



BANTING ON CORPULENCY. 65 

WEIGHT WHEN IN CONDITION FOR ATHLETIC 
FEATS. 



HEIGHT. "WEIGHT. 

5ft. lin. ..From 106 to 111 pounds. 

5ft. 2m. : 112 "115 

5ft. 3m 117 "118 

5ft. 4in 119 "125 

5ft. 5iii. ...:.. 125 " 129 
6ft. 6in 128 " 134 



HEIGHT. WEIGHT. 

5ft. 7m. From 133 to 140 pounds. 

5ft. Sin 140 " 147 " 

5ft. 9in 148 " 154 " 

5ft. lOin 155 " 163 '* 

5ft. llin 165 " 174 *' 

6ft. 175 " 186 « 



The proper measuremeiit according to the height and 
weight: 

IVIeasueements. 



Height 5 feet. 

Weight 103 pounds. 

Neck 12 inches. 



Chest (uninflated) . , 324 inches. 

Wrist 5i - " 

Ankle 71 '* 



Allowances. 

The following allowances should be made where the di- 
mensions are found to be greater than shown in the pre- 
ceding table : 

For every inch in height c . . . If pounds. 

For every inch around neck | " 

For every inch around chest 1 *' 

For every § inch around wrist 5 " 

For every § inch around ankle 1^ *« 



BANTING ON CORPULENCY. 



The system, of i;educing corpulency as adopted by William 
Banting, an old retired merchant of London, England, in 
1863-4, by the advice and direction of Doctor William 
Harvey, of Soho square, in that city, though not by any 
means admissable or advisable for training purposes, we 
give the substance for the benefit of any one who feels 
interested. At the time Mr. Bantmg commenced his reduc- 
ing system he was sixty-six years of age, weighed 202 pounds, 
standing only 5ft. Sin. in height, and, having spent seven 
years in consultation with the greatest mcv^ical lights of 
England for relief of his af&iction, but in vain. He had 
followed an active business life of fifty years, and attributed 
his obesity not to neglect of necessary bodily activity nor 
from excessive eating, drinking, or self-indulgence of any 



66 



BANTING ON CORPULENCY. 



kind, except that lie partook of simple aliments of bread, 
milk, bntter, beer, sugar, and potatoes more freely than his 
aged nature required, and hence he believes the generation 
oi the parasite, detrimental to comfort, if not really to 
health. He tried both rowing before breakfast for two hours 
and other bodily exercises; also sea air and bathing in 
various locahties; took gallons of physic and liqure potassae, 
rode much on horseback, and tried the waters and climate 
of various springs in England, as well as Turkish and vapor 
baths, shampooing^ etc. Banting could not stooj) to tie* his 
shoe, had to walk backwards down stairs to save the jar of 
increased weight upon the ankle and knee-joints, puffed 
and blowed at every exertion, particularly going up stairs, 
suffered from an umbiUcal rupture, had to wear a truss as 
well as knee bandages, his sight failed and hearing became 
impaired, he had indigestion, heartburn, palpitation of the 
heart, and could not attend to the little offices which 
humanity required without considerable pain and difficulty, 
which only the corpulent man can understand. 

Upon consulting Dr. Harvey, previously alluded to, he 
was told that all his ailments were caused principally by 
corpulence, and prescribed a certain diet, no medicine be- 
yond a morning cordial as a corrective, with immense effect 
and advantage both to his hearing and the decrease of his 
corpulence. The items from which he was advised to 
abstain as much as possible were bread, butter, milk, sugar^ 
parsnips, beet root, turnips, carrots, champagne, port, beer 
and potatoes, on account of their containing starch or 
saccharine matter, tending to create fat; smoking v/as not 
prohibited. This is the diet prescribed by Doctor Harvey: 
for breakfast, four or five ounces of beef, mutton, kidneys, 
broiled fish, bacon, or cold meat of any kind except pork, 
owing to its fattening character; or veal, on account of its 
indigestible quality; a large cup of tea (without milk or 
sugar), a little biscuit, or one ounce of dry toast; for din- 
ner, five or six ounces of any fish except salmon, herrings 
and eels (owing to their oily natare) ; any meat except pork 
or veal; any vegetable except potato, parsnips, beet root, 
turnips or carrots; one ounce of dry toast, fruit out of a 
pudding, any kind of poultry or game, and two or three 
glasses of good claret, sherry, or madeha; for tea, two or 
three ounces of fruit, a rusk or two, and a cup of tea with- 
out milk or sugar; for supper, three or four ounces of 
meat, or fish, similar to dinner, with a glass or two of 
claret— night-cap, if required, a tumbler of gTog (gin. 




T. R ABMSTEONG, Jb., 
Who walked one mile in 6niin. -idjsec, New York City. 




EDWABB C. HOLSKE, 

tlie Celebrated Young American Walker. 



BANTING ON CORPULENCY. 



67 



whiskey, or brandy, without sugar) or a glass or two of 
claret or sherry. Eggs, if not hard boiled, are unexcep- 
tionable; also cheese, if sparingly used, and plain boiled 
rice. 

On rising in the morning, between six and seven, 
Banting took a tablespoonful of a special corrective 
cordial, not aperient, and partook of solids and liquids 
as follows: about five or six ounces solid and eight of 
hquid for breakfast ; eight ounces of solid and eight 
ounces of liquid for dinner; three ounces of sohd and 
eight of liquid for tea; four ounces of solid and six 
ounces of liquid for supper and the grog afterwards. He 
took his meals as follows: breakfast between eight and 
nine; dinner between one and two; tea between five and 
six; supper at nine. His former dietary table was bread 
and milk for breakfast, or a pint of tea with plenty of milk 
and sugar, and buttered toast; meat, beer, much bread, 
and pastry for dinner; the tea similar to that of breakfast, 
and generally a fruit tart or bread and milk for supper. 



THE EEDUCING SCALE. 

Under the new dietary, Banting lost flesh according to the 
following scale : 

On 7tli S 'ptember it was 200 pounds, having lost 2 pounds. 

" "3 more. 

" 4 " 
« (I 3 (c 

" << 3 i< 

" *' 3 " 

" 2 " 

" 2 " 

" 2 " 

"3 " 

" " 3 <' 

" " 3 " 

" 3 " 

« i( 3 << 

" 2 " 

t( a 2 " 

" 1 " 

«« " *' 
Total loss of weight 46 pounds. 

His girth during that time was reduced round the waist 
12 J inches; these desiderati were attained by the most 
ea y and comfortable means, with but little medicine, and 



27Lh September ' 


' 197 


19th October 


' 193 


9tli November ' 


' 190 


3d December 


' 187 


24th December * 


' 184 


14th January ' 


' 182 


4th February ' 


' 180 


25th February ' 


' 178 


18th March 


' 176 


8th April • ' 


* 173 


29th April 


' 170 


20 th May 


' 164 


10th June 


' 164 • ' 


1st July 


' 161 


22d July 


' 159 


12th August 


' 157 


26th August ' 


' 156 


12th September ' 


' 156 



68 RECOED OP BEST ATHLETIC PERFOEMANCES. 

almost entirely by a system of diet. At the end of one 
year Banting asserts that he was restored in health, both 
bodily and mentally, had more muscular vigor, ate and 
drank with a good, appetite, and slept well; all symptoms 
of acidity, indigestion and heartburn vanished; he left off 
using boot-hooks and other such aids, which were before 
indispensable; he lost all feeling of occasional faintness; 
left off knee-bandages, which he had worn for twenty 
years, and gave up a truss almost entirely. 

Corpulence, says Banting, though giving no actual pain, 
must naturally press with undue violence upon the bodily 
viscera, driving one part upon another, and stopping the 
free action of all. 

Saccharine matter is the great moving cause of fatty 
corpulence, produciing increased weight and a large amount 
of flatulence; stouty matter is not so troublesome as sac- 
charine, which largely increased acidity as well as fat. 
Pure genuine bread may be the staff of life, as it is termed? 
it is so, particularly in youth, but it is decidedly more 
wholesome in advanced life when it is thoroughly toasted. 
Any starchy or saccharine matter tends to the disease of 
corpulence in advanced life, whether it be swallowed in 
that form or generated in the stomach; that all things 
tending to these elements should be avoided, of course 
always under sound medical authority. Vegetables, and 
ripe or stewed fruit, are generally ample aperients. The 
dietary system only attacks the sux3erfluous deposit of fat, 
and purges the- blood, rendering it more pure and healthy, 
strengthens the muscles and bodily viscera, and. sweetens 
life, if it does not prolong it. 



RECORD OF FAST PERFORMANCES 

UP TO JANUARY, 1877. 



EOWING. 

2 miles — 13min. 21Jsec., siEgle-scull, turn, James Eiley — Aug. 9, 1876. 

3 miles — 15min. 37lsec., four oars, straight, Argonauta E. A. — Sept. 

8, 1875. 
3 miles— 16min. 32 4-5sec., six-oars, straight, Amherst University 
crew— best college time — July 24, 1872. 



EECOKD OF BEST ATHLETIC PEEFOHIMANCES. 69 

3 miles — 17min. 40Jsec., six-oars, turn, Ward Bros, and Jared Eay- 

mond— Jaly 1% 1868. 
3 miles — 17min. 58sec. , lour-oars, turn, Halifax (N. S. ) Fisherman 

crew- Sept. 4, 1876. 
3 miles — 20min. 28sec., pair-oar, turn, Geo. Faulkner, P.Eeagan — 

Sept. 5, 1876. 

3 miles — 21min. 9^sec., single-scull, turn, Edward Hanlon— Sep". 6, 

1876. 

4 miles — 24Qjin. 40sec., four-oars, turn, Ward Brothers — Sept. 11, 1871. 

4 miles— 28min. SOsec, single-scull, tiu'n, Y/allace Ross— Oct. 19, 1876. 
4§ miles (about)— 23mm. 4sec., smgle-scull, straight, Geo. Tarry er — 

Oct. 19, 1876. 

5 miles— 30min. 44|sec. , four-oars, turn, Biglin Bros, and Denny 

Leary— Sept. 10, 1860. 
5 miles — 32min. Isec, pair-oar, turn, John and Barney Biglin — May 
20, 1872. 

5 miles — 35min. lOsec. , single-scull, turn, for champion belt, Joshua 

Ward— Oct. 11, 1859. 

6 miles— 39min. 20 3-5sec., four-oars, turn, Paris crew— Aug. 23, 1871. 



PEDESTRIANIS M. — EUNNING. 

100 yards— 9|sec., George Seward— Sept. 30, IBM. 

150 vards — 15sec., 0. Y/esthall — Feb. 4, 1851; and George Forbes — 

Dec. 20, 1869. 
200 vards— 19 ^sGc. G. Seward— March 22, 1847. 
300 yards— 31isec., J. NuttaU— April 27, 1863; and D. Wight— Aug. 

5, 1876. 
440 yards— 48isec., E. Buttery— Oct. 4, 1873. 
600 yards— Imin. 13sec., James Nuttall— Feb. 20, 1864. 
880 yards— Imin. SSIsec, Frank Hewitt— Sept., 1871. 
1,320 yards— 3min. 7sec., W. Eichards-June 30, 1866, 

1 mile — 4min. 171860., W. Eichards and W. Lang, level ground, dead 

heat — Aug 19, 1865; in 4min. 2sec., part down hill, W. Lang; in 
4min., four starts, C. Westhall. 

2 miles— 9min. lljsec, W. Lang— Aug. 1, 1863. 

3 miles— 14min. 36sec., J. White— May 11, 1863. 

5 miles — 24min. 40sec., J. White, as above. 

6 miles — 29miu. 50sec., J. White, as above. 

10 miles— 51min. 45sec., John Levett — Oct. 11, 1852. 

12 miles, less 100 yards — Ih. 2min. 22sec., Y/. Lang — April 3, 1863. 

20 miles— Ih. 58min, ISsec, E. Manks— Dec. 16, 1851. - 

50 miles— 6h. 17min., G. Martin— Sepi. 22, 1863. 



WALKING. 

1 mile— 6min. 23sec., Wm. Psrkins- June 1, 1875. 

2 miles — 13miu. 30sec., W. Perkins, as above. 

3 miles — 20miD. 27sec., W. Perkins, as above. 

4 miles — 28min. 59sec., W. Perkins, as above. 

5 miles — 36min. 323ec., W. Perkins, as above. 

6 miles — 44min. 24sec., W. Perkins, as above. 

7 miles— 51min. 51sec., W. Perkins, as above. 

8 miles— 58rani. 28sec., W. Perkins, Brighton, Eng., July 29, 1876. 

9 miles — Ih. 9miii. 4lsec., G. Davison, London— Dec. 6, 1869. 

10 miles — Ih. 17miD. 33sec., G. Davison, as abova 



70 EECOED OF BEST ATHLETIC PEKFOEMANCES. 

20 miles— 2h. 42min. 48sec., G Davison, as above. 

21 miles-^2h. 53miii. Sisec, G. Davison, as above. 

25 miles- 3b. 42min. IBsec, J. Smith— Nov. 10, 1851. 

40 miles— 6h. 33min. Isec, G. Ide— Oct. 16, 1876. 

50 miles— 81i. 19min. 55sec., G. Ide, as abo^ve. 

60 miles— lOh. 46min. 2sec., Daniel O'Leary— Oct. 16, 1875. 

100 miles— 18b. 51min. 35sec., W. Vaughan—May 9, 1876. 

120 miles, 1,560 yards— in 241i., P. Crossland— Sept. 12, 1876. 

1,000 miles in 1,000 consecutive hours — one single mile in each single 

hour. Captain Barclay— June 1 to July 12, inclusive, 1809. 
15 miles 508 yards walked in 2 hours— George Davison — Dec. 6, 1869. 



PKIZE EING. 

Longest Battle on Eecord— 6h. 15m., James Kelly and Jonathan 

Smith — Australia, Nov., 1855. 
Longest Battle in England— 6h. 3m., Mike Madden and Bill Hayes — 

July 17, 1849. 
Longest Battle in America — 4h. 20m., J. Eitzparick and James 

O'Neil, Berwick, Maine— Dec. 4, 1860. 



JUMPING. 

29ft., 7in., by John Howard, running wide jump, taking off from a 
block of wood, 1ft. wide, 2ft. long, 3in. thick, and elevated 4in. — 
May 8. 1854. 

13ft. 7in. — Joseph Greaves, standing-wide jump — Sept. 18, 1875. 

6ft. 2iin. — M. J. Brooks (Oxford University), running high jump- 
April 7, 1876. 

47ft, 7in. — K. Knox, running hop, step and jump — August, 1870. 

40ft. 2in. — D. Anderson, standing hop, step and jump— July 24, 1865. 

lift, lin.— High pole jump, J. E. Woodburn— July 21, 1876. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 

Kegulation base-baU thrown 133yds. 1ft. 7iin. by John Hatfield — Oct. 
15, 1872. 

E. A. Pennell put up a dumbbell weighing 201|lb — Jan. 31, 1874. 

Mr. Pennock put up a lOlb dumb-bell 8,431 times in 4h. 34m. — Dec. 
8 3, 1870. 

1,000 yards swam by E. T. Jones in 15min. 30sec.— Sept. 7, 1874. 

Mr. Forbes threw a ciicket-ball 132 yards, slightly aided by the wind 
—Oxford, Eng., March, 1876. 

Lifting. — Hand : l,250ib, health-lift machine, John M. Cannon — 
Jan. 16, 1875; l,2l01b, E. A. Pennell— Nov. 8. 1873. The ath- 
letes hereinafter named are credited with having lifted the fol- 
lowing weights; but these feats are not properly attested. With 
harness: W. B. Curtis, Ne-v York, 3,3001b; Ambrose A. Butts, 
Auburn, O , 2,737fib; John J. Lucas, Belleville, 111., 2,7001b— Oct. 
26, 1875; Dr. G. W. Winship, Boston, Mass, 2, 6001b. Hand 
lift— W. B. Curtis, l,230ib; G. W. Winship, 1, 2001b. 



Van Fleet, Pkintek, 88 & 90 Centre stbeet. New Yoke. 



COMPLIMEITAET PEESS NOTIOES 

ABOUT 




ii and Iscle 



From a nn-mber of very lengthy and elaborate criticisms of the 
press in various sections of tlie United States we give the following 
extracts: 

"Here we bave in condensed form a vast amount of valuable in- 
formation upon a subject which should deeply interest everybody, 
the substance of numerous other foreign and domestic publications 
on hke subjects mingling with impressions and advice born of the 
author's observatiun and practical experience. A treatise on the 
muscular system, tables showing the correct measurements of noted 
athletes and propoi-tions cf a perfect human figure, with remarkable 
feats of strength, etc., are also given. It is written in language clear 
to the understanding, and is a wo] k which we can cheerfully recom- 
mend all to read, coufidert that no one can peruse it without profit 
to themselves. "-MEY/ YOEK CLIPPEE. 

" The many interesting facts and hints contained in this ably com- 
piled work will immensely benefit everyone, it giving the crwam 
of the best authorities upon everything concerned in lis title. ' — 
PHILADELPHIA SUNDAY MEECUEY. 

"A compendium of useful information." — N. Y. SUN. 

"Should be in the hands of all oui- athletes."— YONKEES (N. Y.) 
GAZETTE. 

" Eichly deserving of perusal. The work is not intended for pro- 
fessional athletes exclusively, but for all who desire to enjoy perfect 
physical health, which can only be acquired and retained by a proper 
regard for the laws of nature Mr. James thoroughly understands 
the subjects of which he writes, and presents them in a straightfor- 
ward, attractive manner. The book deserves to be widely read, and 
its teachmgs, if followed, will do more than doctors' prescriptions 
toward preserving healti."— NEW YOEK HEEALD. 

"It IS filled with useful hints and practical suggestions." — UTICA 
(N. Y. ) OBSEEVEE. 

"Of incalculable benefit to the health of many who are !--u£fering 
from a lack of physical training." — WASHINGTON SUNDAY 
HEEALD. 

"ilr. James is authority in matters which this volume treats upon. 
He has here given a plain, well-arranged system as to the manner of 
acquiring Health, Strength and Muscle." — BOSTON SATUEDAY 
EVENING EXPEES3. 

" A complece dissertation on the treatmc-i^t of free livers and sed- 
entary people in matters of air, clothing, food, stimulants, and the 
bestmodesof exercise for all ages. "—ST. LOUIS (MO.) HEEALD. 



This Fook will be sent prepaid by Mail on receipt of Fifty Cents. 

ED. JAMES, Publisher, 83 & 90 Centre St., N. Y. 



WHAT THE PAPEBS SA"2 

ABOUT 

ISMfll TMlip'liil IF «!li Ett 

•-♦-• 

Below will be found a few from the many encomiums of the New 
York press on the excellence of these works : 
NEW YORK HERALD. 

"Treatise on Practical Training."— At a season of the year when most needed 
Edwin James' "Treatise on PrncticHl Training " has appeared. This neatly gotten- 
up book is full of valuabla hints to athletes of whatever kind and character, hav- 
ing been compiled with rare judgment, which long years of laborious work in 
the sporting Avorld has giren its anthor. The unpretentious volume, among other 
things, contains useful chapters on Training for Rowing, Boxing, Wrestling, and 
Pedestrianism, in additi»n to instructions for High and Broad Jumping, Fair 
Walking, Hammer-throwing, and in fact everything else useful to the professional 
or amateur athlete. 

NEW YORK CLIPPER. 

''Treatise on Practical Training." — A new friend, and a most welcome one to 
all devoted to the pursuit of athletic exercises, has just made its appearance in the 
form of a neatly gotten-up book bearing the above title. It has been compiled 
with care and good judgment by Ed. James. In addition to the useful chapters on 
Training for Pedestrianism, Rowing, Boxing, AVrestling, etc., the book contains 
instructions in regard to practice for High and Broad Jumping, Running, Fair 
Walking, Hammer-throwing, Hurdling, and Putting the Stone, and tells what to do 
in case of accident, tender feet and hands, boils, etc. "Banting's System of 
Reducing Corpulency," a Table of Proportional Measurements according to Height 
and AVeight, and Records of Best Performances are also included. 
NEW YORK SUN. 

Mr. Ed. James has just published an edition of his "Practical Training for 
Running, Walking, Rowing, and Wrestling," embracing "Banting's System of 
Reducing Corpulency." It is an excellent work. 

NEW YORK SPIRIT OF THE TIMES. 

"Treatise on Practical Training." — The well-known sporting author, Ed. Jasies, 
has jus-t published a "Treatise on Practical Training," Avhich gives an immense 
amount of condensed practical information, valuable to lovers of athletics and all 
kinds of sports, besides containing important Tables of Statistics, revised up to 
January, 1877. 

NEW YORK SUNDAY DISPATCH. 

"Treatise on Practical Training." — The celebrated sporting writer, Mr. E-d. 
James, has just issued a "Treatise on Practical Training," which we can confidently 
recommend to every amateur and professional athlete in the land. It contains 
minute instructions as to the method of training for races, walking-matches, 
wrestling, pugilism, jumping, stone and hammer throwing, and sports of every kind, 
besifde a fund of useful record matter concerning time, weight, conditions, etc. 
NEW YORK CLIPPER. 

"Manual of Sporting Rules." — This is the title of a "work issued by Mr. Ed. 
James. It contains rules regulating Trap-shooting, Cocking Contests, Boat-racing, 
Prize Ring, AVrestling (different stjdes). Running, Walking, Jumping, Bagatelle, 
T^acrosse, Quoits, Rifle and Pistol Shooting, Archery, Shuffleboard, Shinny, Rackets, 
Handball, Swimming, Pin-pool, Fifteen-ball Pool, Skittles, Foot-ball, Knurr-and- 
spell, Scottish Games, Ten Pins, Skating, Curling, Fly-casting, Polo, etc. Hereto- 
fore where rules Avere in existence they could be procured only through private 
sources, or separately; but we now have them in such shape as will meet all de- 
mands. In many instances there were no rules, but the publisher has, by con- 
sultation with the leading exponents of the several games, combined with his own 
intimate knowledge of sporting matters, been enabled to supply such wants in a 
satisfactory manner. The volume is illustrated with engravings representing 
various games. The work should command a steady sale. 
TURF, FIELD AND FARM. 

" Mantjal of Sporting Rules. " — A very complete work, comprising tue latest and 
best authenticated revised rules governing all the various games played and prac- 
ticed here and elsewhere, has been published by Ed. James, a gentleman long and 
favorably known to sportsmen. In it we find rules for Trap-shooting, Canine, 
Ratting, Badger-baiting, Cock-fighting, the Prize Ring, Wrestling, Running, Jump- 
ing, Walking, Knurr-and-spell, Lacrosse, Boating, Bagatelle, Archery, Rifle and 
Pistol Sliooting, Billiards, Scottish Games, Skating, Curling, Polo, etc., and about 
everything else upon which it may be desirable to have information at hand to 
decide disputed questions. 



SPECIAL ITOTIOE. 



state The safest way to send men V fa t p °'i°™' ""^'^'^ ^^ 
tered Letter or Drr.ft. A deposit required o n "^'^ °^^^^' ^^gi^ 
» value, and, for less an^ounl cash sl^l Z °''^"^ ^^^^ding $5 
and Prn^ts sent by n>ail, post-paid, unles" otheT^T "*'■• ^"°J=' 
Gloves, Indian Clubs and aU bulky 11/ ' '^''"'^^- Boang 

goods are sent C. O. D , the partSXt ""^', '^ ^^^^^^ ^^» 
the same, and for returning Money ^(1^ l'^ '"^^ *"S^^ "» 
press charges are very heavy, or where fh ^':™'°"<=^. ^^ere ez. 
B^unication, Gloves, etc., can be sZh^ T '" "° "^«^^ <=°m. 
per ounce, which has to be prepS/'^Sv •.'f'^"^*^ °f °- «°' 
C. O. D., as the express compLes will ^Z ^'°* °"°°°' ''^ «ent 
tions. No extra charge for l^Z ™d "" /• ™"'* ""^ ^»* ~°<3i- 
qurry wiU be cheerfully andTromDflv ^" °«- ^" '^«^'^ °< «■»- 
stamped envelope. No merchanre !l.e'^'^'''^ °° ««'Pt "f « 
inches inlength can be sent pert^^'^'^S ^«> ^ »«gM or 18 

TEANK QCTEEN, Esq " 

Ed. and Prop. " New Tori Clipper " T^Ed'^"'? ^'' ^^'•• 
COL. a D. BEl-CE "'^^OP- "Spirit of the Time... 

Prop. •' Turf, Field and Farm >• ™°„ "^ETHOLOMEIT, Es, 

E- F. WILEresoN Esq. ""• ''''"'""»«"' York ie„s.>, 

Editor "Eield... Lond™, England f' p '""'™e, Esq., 

1 GEIFFITH, Esq ''■" ^"'"'"''S I'lfe, " London, Eo, 

Ed. ■■ BelPs Life... London, England T''-^''^.^™, Esq, 
- ' ^"''- '^^■'"■■oke Harvard D B C 



requires an .xtb. three cent tip "n:"";- ^.^"^^^ "^'"^U- 
five per cent, deposit required oT^U Co'ToJT^T^- ^'''''*^- 
are unknown to us. * °'^^^« ^^^en the parties 



BespectfoUy, 



0IIPPEEBUILDne,88and90CEI.TBEs;.,J^.Y. 



A.-Buckskin,^tuffed with. 



ffn this Um we challenge the world to produce a superior article to ours at the same pricej^ 

o i^er 

Si-t. 

B.-Buckskin, stuffed with 

hair^ very substantial, 

3 50 

/C.-Extra Buckskin, stuflfed with 

curled hair 4 00 

D. -Extra fine soft Buckskin, 
bound with fancy colored lea- 
ther, with strings to tighten, 
stuffed with curled hair .... 5 00 
E.-Extra fine and soft Buckskin, white kid palms, stuffed with the best selected 

curled hair, with strings to tighten, and bound with fancy colored leather 5 50 
r.-" Sounders," white kid leather, stuffed with the best selected curled hair^ 

bound with fancy colored leather and strings to tighten the wrists 6 GO 




m- White French Kid Groves, made of very best materials, styre and finish with 
gauntlets, very tastefully trimmed with fancy colored leather, per set, $10. 

3 lb. each, per pr 2 50 Q^l^ ^^^^^^^^ U _^ | J^- «^f '^' Pff P^ ^ ^ 

^JS; u u loo ^^^^^^^jii 101b. ^^ ^ jll 

Iron, from 1 lb. to 100 lbs. each, per lb. , lOcts. ; Maple Wood, per lb. each, 25cts. ; 
Lignumvitse, per lb. each, 50cts. ; Rosewood, per lb. each, 75ets. 

PATENT STRIKING BAG, 

For Pugilists and Athletes of Every Description. 

This bag is intended to strengthen the arms, wrists, shoulders, 
back, loins, and particularly the muscles of the abdomen, and will 
teach the striker how to deal a blow. 

No. 4, 20 lbs., covered with English canvas $I2 oc? 

No. 5, 25 lbs., covered with English canvas 15 <^® 

No, I, 20 lbs., covered with buff leather 20 OO 



Association 

RUBBER 
FOOTBALL. 





Wir 



QUOITS. 

Nicely Modele© 

AND JaPANNKIX 

Per set of i. 
2Ibs.ea.$l 25 

3 do. 1 50 

4 do. 1 75 

5 do. 2 GO 

6 do. 2 25 
Iron pins, pair 50 

Rapiers, Foils, Singie-sticits, Masks, Gloves, Etc. . 

English Haute Rapiers per pair $6 00 ^y--^ 

Iron-mounted Foils " 2 50 ^^^>^ 

1 rass-mounted Foils " 3 00 ^-^ ^**^ 

Brass-mounted Silinger blade, curved ha.ndle 

wound with fancy leather $4 50 

" " Wicket-handle Fencing Sticks 2 25 

Fencing Glo/es 2 00 

Fencing Gauntlets 3 50 

i'lastrons for protecting the chest. 3 00 




,per pair $3 50 
Wire Masks, with ear protectors. . . 4: 50 
Wire Masks, with ear and forehead 
j^rotectws 5 50 




THE NEW PATENT SEAMLESS BOXING- GLOVES 

Without fingers or tliTimbs, being held on firmly by grasping a 
leather strip inside the glove (see cut). No ripping or bursting or 
falling off the hands; they are seamless and fit to perfection. The 
most durable article ever made, and the only glove which brings the 
art of boxing to as near the real thing as possible. 
Manufactured of best French white kid, with ventilators at the 

sides, per set of four gloves $6 00 

Superior buckskin, per set 4 50 

In ordering this glove please specify i,l.at you wish THE PATENT 
SEA?*ILESS GLOVES, in order not to canse any mistakes. 

ED. JAMES has the sole agency for New York State, and the Pat- 
ent Seamles-s Glove can only be obtained by sending to headquarters, 

B.B. CATCHER'S MASKS AND CATCHER'S QLO^ES. 

The glovea are 
made of I n d i a n 
tanned buckskin, 
with padded palms, 
half fingers, and are 
as soft and pliable 
to the hands as kid. 
Price per pair, $2. 

The Catcher's 
Masks are made of 
wire, and cushion- 
ed with soft leather, 
filled \vith the best 
curled hair. They 
are light and easy 
Price, each, $3. 

BATTLEDORES AND SHUTTLECOCES. 

BATTIiEiyOPvES, 

from SI. 25 to $3.00 per pair. 

SnUTTLECOCKS, 

from 30 cents to $1.00 per pair. 
Address ED. JAMES, Clipper Building, ' 





to adjrst. 




and 90 Centre st., N. Y. 




EUREKA ROWBNC MACHINE, 

This machine gives an ex- 
cellent and exact representa- 
tion of rowing. It has the 
sliding-seat movement, and its 
propelling action is with oars 
(as in a boat). It is simple in 
construction and durable, and 
it packs so small that it can bo 
stowed away in almost any 
cupboard or closet, and can be 
put up and worked in any 
ordinary-sized bed room. To- 
tal weight, 2 7ib. A beginner can 
lecim on it to be a good sculler, as well as increase his-muscular and 
physical development. By shifting the chain links attached to the lever 
it can be adapted to th« strength oi any person, or used and v/orked by 
a child 12 year^ of age. Pnce, complete and ready for use, $10. 



1JE¥ ATHLETIC SUITS. 

Seamless Shirt, pink or white, 

$1 00 
Knee Tights, pink or white, 

- $1 00 
With fancy trimming, each 

$1 25 
Flannel Caps, from 75c. to $2 00 
In ordering state width across chest, waist, and size of cap worn. 

^ RyM^ir^G Ai^D WALKIMQ SHOES. 

American spikes, 

Bunning Shoes, 

per pair. ... .$3 50 
English imported 

spiked Eunning 

Shoes $6 00 

Balmoral canvas 

Walking Shoes, 
$3 50 







Ai^ERICAl^ PEDO!¥iETER, 

Easily adjusted to any length of step from 
23 to 35 inches, measures accurately, is the 
size of an ordinary watch, in a nickel-plated 
case, and can be carried in the vest pocket. 
It will measure the exact distance you walk. 
It is a true indicator of the amount of exer- 
cise taken in and out of doors. Invalids 
will find it invaluable in regulating their 
exercise. Full directions, together with 
ready reference table, accompanies each one 
Price, $5 00. 
Address ED. JAMES, Chpper Buildinc, G8 a:id 99 Gentro ; :., :: I. 




EEELS. 

60yds., brass, English make, stop, each S2 50 

80yds., brass, English make, click, each. 4 00 

150yds., German silver, American, balance handle 3(0 

300yds., Ger. silver, steel, pivot and patent cap, balance handle.. 13 00 
BASKETS. 

French or Enghsh make, for troat, from $1 50 to 4 00 

Square Fish Baskets, from ^ 2 50 to 6 00 

RODS. 
Trout Eods, 4 pieces, full mounted reel bands and best cap, 

fine finish • ^ 00 

Trunk Eods, 6 pieces, full mounted, hollow but solid reel plates, 

each joint 2it. each 13 00 

Fly Eodp, 4 pieces, fall mounted, hollow but extra tip, each 10 00 

Brass Eods, 4 pieces, general rods, hollow butt and swelled fer- 
rules, extra tip, each 13 00 

Bamboo Eods, 4 pieces, reel bands and guises 5 00 

SEINES OE NETS. 

Crab Net, ring, and jointed handle 1 50 

Minnow Nets, hnen, 22 inch, each 1 50 

Landing Nets, hnen, each ■ 2 00 

Also Hooks, Eagle Claws, Lines, Floats, Fly Books, Baits, Sinkers, etc. 




FIREMAN'S COODS. 

HATS AND CAPS.— Enameled leather and front Hats, each $S; 
four cone Hats, each S6.50; eight cone Hats, each $7; enameled leather 
Helmet Caps, per doz., ^18; New York Eegulation Cap, clotb, very 
fine, per doz., $21. 

BELTS.— Patent leather, 10 different styles, per doz. , from $9 to $24. 

SHIETS.— Firemen's Service Shirts, with figure or monogram, best 
flann 1, per doz., $29. ♦ 

TEUMPETS.— Duty, Nickle plated, 20 inch, each $7; Parade, 
chased and pjated, 20 incli, each $21. 

MISCELLANEOUS.— Buttons, with F. D. on, per doz., largo $1.25, 
small 75c. Badg-^s, with fine design and number and name of com- 
pany, per doz., $10 Silk, Cord and Tassels, for trumpets, each $1.60. 
Address ED. JAMES, Clipper Building, 88 and 90 Centre st, N. Y. 




As a parlor game for ladies 
and gentlemen, it has not an 
equal. 
It has not only the accuracy and distance requisite for 
the common pistol target practice, but is without the ex- 
pense of ammunition, and also free from the annoyance 
of dangei-, smoke, smell, &c., that accompany the use of 
firearms. 

Each Rifle is put up in a neat box, with three darts and 
two targets. Price of Rifle, complete, $5. Darts, per 
dozen, f 1. Targets, postage prepaid, 25 cents per dozen. 




-W, Cli ARK'S 

PATENT 

iSiSEOLiPPEB, 

This instrument will clip 
a horse in two hours, and 
when clipped tlie coat is 
equal to a natural Sum- 
mer coat. Anyone can^ 
use it. Over 200 horsef 
have been clipped by on( 
single machine, without 
sharpening. Price $5 The Dexter Horse Clipper. Price $8. 
Machines, $8.50, $10.50, $12.50. 



Addler's Patent Clipping 



SAAVS, SPURS AND MUFFS. 

Muffs for Sparring Cocks, per set of four. 

$1.50. Steel Spans.— Regulation, per pai'i-, $5; 
Drop Socket, per pair, $6.50; Tl.imble Heels, 
per pair, $6.50; 3 Cornered, or Bayonet Blade, 
per pair, $6.50; Sword Blade, per pair, $6.50. 
In ordering spurs, it is necessary to name the 
length of blade and style required. Direc- 
tions for Measuring Spurs.— The dotted line 
indicates the correct way of measuring. The 
socket does not count in measurement. Saws 
for sawing off the heels, finest quality, $2.50 without the knife ; knife included, $3.50. 




TEN PINS AND BALLS. 



4>^ inch ball $2 00 

5 inchb;ill 2 50 

5>^ inch ball 2 75 

e^nchball 3 00 

6K inch ball 3 25 

7 inch ball f UO 

7^4 inch ball 4 2o 

7Minch ball 4 50 

8 inch ball 4 75 

83^ inch ball o 00 

9 inch ball » 2j 

Pins, per set; o UU 




gI£ITTIi*0 FINS AKD BA1.IL.S. 

7 lb cheese ball $3 50 

ll>^ib chee.se ball 4 50 

14 lb cheese ball 5 50 

Skittle pins, per set i^ uu 

IVOIiY CROQ^UET BALIiS. 

li< inch,"'per set of eight $5 ^0 

1% inch, per set of eight 6 5U 

TROTTING AND RUNNING- 
HORSES. 
Size 14x18. Price 30 Gents Each. 
Judge Fullerton. 
Huntress, 
Commodore Vanderbilt, with running mate, 

and Dexter. 
Tom Bowling. 

Dexter against Etton Allen. 
Bassett against Longfellow. 
Goldsmith Maid against Lucy, 2:17. 
Dexter acjainst Butler, to wagons. 

See page 15 for other Horse Pictures, same 
size and price. 



L.IFTING- MACHINES AND 
liUNG TESTERS. 

Straia:ht Gauge Lifter, $70. Dial Gauge, 
$90. The Lifter platform is 12x20 inches, 
while the gausres are silver plated. They lift 
from Ifi) to SOOlb. 

Straight Gauge Lung Tester, $45. Dial 
Gauge Lung Tester, $50. The Lung Tester 
comes in a nicely painted box. with legs to 
screw on, 13 inches square, 2}^ feet high. 

GENUINE DIAMONDS. 

One Carat Stone, $100; Half Carat, $50; 
Quarter Carat. $25; an Eight Carat, $15. 
These may be had either spiral or with pin. 
Rings, same price as Shirt Pins. Diamond 
Clusters, from $50 to $150. 

IMITATION DIAMONDS. 
Pins or Spiral Studs, from $2 each, accord- 
ig to size. Rings, from $5 each. Clustery 
<Crom $5 Qsjah. 




IRA PHINE'S 

PATENT 

SPR1N13 TRAPS, 

for throwing 
Glass BALLS 

FOR 

SHOOTING. 
The best sub- 
stitute ever in- 
Tented. Safe, 
simple, dur- 
able; 'will net 
get out of order 

Price Glass Balls, per 100, S3. 

Caxtridges, ready for use, per 100, $5, 



H. and T. TRAPS. 

For Pigeon Sliooting, $8. 

HAND BALLS. 

$3 per -dozen, or 30 cents each. 

BASK BALiIiS. 

Professional, red or white dead ball, each 

$1.50. 
Professional Star, each $1. 
ProfessionaJ Practice, each 50 cents. 

BAL.L.OT B03CES, 

Black Walnut, with white and black balls 

complete, S5. 
Cheaper quality, complete, $S. 
Gavels from $1 to 54 each, 

FRENCH POOL. TS^HEKLS. 

For Trotting Courses, Fair Grounds and Sa- 
looE.'s, 27in. in diameier, the best kind man- 
ufactured S50. 

Same size but cheaper design, $30- 

TAROETS. 

20 inch square in fancy colors, lead bulls-eye, 

wood face for darts, and fancy figure to 

raise when bull's-eye is hit, $5. 
20 inch round target, with iron plate, bell and 

comic figure, $6. 
Habbit Race Target, iron, nicelv painted, 

felling when bull's-eye .is Mt. Size 10x24. 

Price $8. 



PLAYING o'AROS. 

Dougherty's Steamboat, assorted. 
Star and calico backs, per dozen, 

S2 25 
Oth*er patterns from $2.50 to S12 per 

dozen, according to the finish and 

quality. 
Triplicates, round cornered, perdoz., 

Goodall's Superior English Lioen Playing 
Cards, from $2.23 to $18 according to finish 
and quality. 



CtUOITS. 

Nicely modelled Japanned Iron Quoits, per 
set of four, from $1 to $2.50. 



CARD 

PHOTOGRAPHS 

of Actors, 

Actresses, Politicians 

and distinguished 

people. 
25 cents each, 6 for $L 



XA CROSSE. 

Bats, per pair (hickory handle), $3.50, 
Balls, per dozea, $6. 



RACKETS. 

English Rackets, S6. 

American Racket Bats, all wood, 50 cents. 

Racket Balls, per dozen, $2. 





SPORTING 





SHOES. 

SUNNING 

PUMPS, 

American 

make, $3,50. 

English 
imported, S7. 
Wei Cher's make, with steel spring shank, §8. 
Welcher's Walking Shoe, with steel spring 

shank, S8. 
Baseball Shoes, of heavy white canvas, with 

instep strap, $2.50. 
Boating and Gymnastic Slippers, of white 

canvas, $1.25. 
Racket Shoes, $8. 



, REMINGTON 
RIF=^l_E OANI 
$10. 



COLT'S 7-shot »«^v*E KNIVES, 
CARTRIDGE REVOLVER ^'■^'^^'^■ 

t0^1^^J^^^^S?^^^^^^^Bl DARK LANTERNS, 



Of ^^^ address, on receipt 



S2 and $2.50. 



MISCELLANEOUS GOODS. 

DOG COLLARS. NEW SAFETY ROLLER SKATE. 




Ger. Silver 



50 ceiats. 
65 cents. 
$1.00. 
$1.50. 



Enameled Leather, 

Trimmings. 
9 to 13 inches, 

10 to 16 inches, 

14 to 20 inches, 

18 to 24 inches, 
Enameled, raised edges and cen- 
tre, German Silver Trimmings. 
9 to 13 inches, 60 cents. 

10 to 16 inches, 75 cents. 

14 to 20 inches, $1.25. 

18 to 24 inches, $1.75. 
Bkass Collaes. 

21 to 3iin. diam., 35c. 

21 to 4^in. do 50c. 

4 to 6m. do (with ring), 75c. 

5^ to 7in. do do $1.00 
German Silveb Collars. 

2i to 3iin. diam., 50c. 

2^ to 4iin. do 60c. 

2|- to 3^in. do (with ring), 60c. 

2i to 4iin. do do 70c. 

4 to 6in. do do $1 00 

5i to 7in. do do $1.50 

Large Brass Chain Collar, from $2. 



DOG LEADERS 
Of steel or iron, plattod or linked, 

75 cents to $1.50 each. 
Of platted leather, with tassels, 

50 cents to $1.00. 

SPRING PAD LOCKS. 
I inch, Brass Spring, 30 cents. 
I inch, Brass Spring, 35 cents. 
I inch, German Silver, 35 cents. 
I inch, German Silver, 35 cents. 

DOG MUZZLES. 
Hand made, wire ftame and 
leather neck strap, 50c. Leather, 
small, closed or open snout, 50c. 
Wire, 40c. 




The front link prevents the 
operators from falling forward and 
enables them to spring from the 
toe, and can walk up a steep in- 
cline, turn round and run down. 
The back check is to prevent fall- 
ing backward ; also to enable the 
operator to stop at will in case of 
danger. Can be used any place. 
Enables learners to use them 
without danger of falling and 
hurting themselves, which is very 
common with other skates. The 
wheels being of iron, are war- 
ranted. Price per pair, aU sizes, 

$2.25. — 

LAl^N TENNIS GOODS. 




Four English bats, four plain 
balls, two polished portable poles, 
in sections to pack in box; one net, 
26x5ffc. ; two guy ropes and run- 
ners, four pegs, one mallet, book of 
rules, all comx3lete, in box. 

Price, $15. 



WHIPS. 




Cowhides, Dog and Jockey 
Whips, from 50 cents to $1,50. 



POLICEMEN'S GOODS, Etc. 



22in. $1.75, ISin. $1.25, Uin. $1, Sin. 60c. 
THE SECRET BALLOT BOX. Blue, each, $12.50. Nickel- 




Made of Black Walnut, Fine 
French Polished and Lined. Can 
be used for Baseball, Cricket, 
Archery, Football, Boating, and 
all Sporting Clubr; a] go for Ma- 
sonic and Ojld Fellow Lodges, 
Temperance and all other socie- 
ties. Size, 65x6 |x6 inches. Each, $5. 



DRINKING FLASKS. 

With metal 
screw tops, 
covered with 
roan, h o g- 
skin morocco 
and Eussia 
leathers, in i, 
k, I and pints, 
from $1 to $4 
each. 




SMITH & WESSON'S NEW MODEL 




With Patent Automatic Ejectoi; 
five shot; weight, 16oz. ; cahbre, 
38-100; lengih of bairel, 34m. 



plated, $14. 

ROUND POLICE OR DARK LAMTERN 





Made of tin and painted. Sin. 
bull's-eye, $1.50. Flat Police or 
Dark Lanterns, 2in. bull's-eye, 

§1.25. 

SHELL PO-WDER FLASKS 

80Z $1.00 

lOoz $1.50 

12oz., extra fine, 

$3,00 

16c z., extra fine, 

$3.50 




WHISTLE. 




Polished metal, with rattle, 30c. 



NIPPERS AND 

Pol 




CUFFS. 
c e Nippers, 
Chain, nickel-plated, 
per pair, $1.25. Po- 
Hce Nippers, patent 
spring, the bestmad.^, 
$2.00. Handcuffs, pol- 
ishud, $4.00. Hand- 
cuffs, polished, lor 
conveying three pr's- 
oners together, $6.00. 



THE BOGARDUS PATENT 
Glass Ball Trap and Rough Balls. 




Theso Traps and Balls, patenter! 
by Bogardus, and used by him 
many thousand times, prove to be 
just what is wanted by ail sports- 
men's clubs and amateurs. $6 
each. The Patent Kough Ball. — 
The only ball that will break sure 
when hit by shot. Every ball 
marked. Patent Rough Glass 
Balls, $2 per hundred; Patent 
Filled Ball, $2 per hundred; 
Smojth Glass Balls, $1.75 per 
hundred. The above balls are 
packed three hundre^ in a barrel, 
ready for shipping. 

Field, Cover and Trap Shoot- 
ino', by Bogardus. Price, $2. 50 . 




SPOON OABS. 

Leathered and copioered, 7 to Tgft , 

$3.50 

do do 8 to 9ft., $3.75 

do do 10ft., $4.00 

With buttons, right and left, 

9 to 10ft $6.00 

Plain spruce oars, per foot. . .15c. 
Plam ash oars, par foot 12c. 

^.^ ^ ROWLOCKS. 

bide plate, brass, per pair $2.50 

do gaiv. iron, pr pair. $1. 25 

^CLEATS AKB CHOCKS, 

Galv. cast iron, per lb 14c. 

do do chocks, per lb. 14c. 

^ TACKLE BLOCKS. 

Galv. malleable iron, with 
wrougnt hooks, length 2^ 
to 3^in. each 60c. to" $1.50 

^ , RUBBER BRACES. 
Galv. malleable iron, perdoz. 
sets $3.25 to $4.50 




Readers or trick cards, a-s used 
iSy magicians and others', puzzling 
everybodv not i a the secret. Pric , 
wi.h full directions, per pack, $1. 



WINNING BICE. 




Of best ivory, three high, three 
low and three square. Price per 
set of nine, with directions for 
use, $5. 



Strippers or IViagic Euchro Cards. 



..~=i^ A 

By means of which the most 
celebrated card tricks known can 
be performed without practice. 
Per pack, $1.50. 



TOMMY BOB TOPS. 

"Will spin high 
cr low, as de- 
sired. Of best 
ivory, with ex- 
planation of the 
secret, $3.00. 




D 
O 






a o 






Si o c-2.: 



c X a> 




M^S 




f|^ 


wis 




g3- 


W iP!= 




!>a 






1^^ 


^ lri^.lo 




.in 


illllilsll 


if 


ill 

K M s: 

"Sis" 



THEATRICAL. GOODS, ETC, 
Red Clogs, all sizes, v,-ith jingles, from $3. 
)er pair upwards. Directioas lor measure- 
nent; — 

"" No. 1, Measurement 

around foot at toe. 
No. 2. Measurement 
around foot at instep 
No. 3, Mea,surement 
around heel over ia- 
step. 
No. 4, Measurement of length of foot. 
Silver Clogs. $7. ^aile Boots, $& 

Sandals, 
feJ. Song aad Dance Shoes, 1dm. long. 

Spangles, silver or gold, "from 
per lb. Upwards. Worsted Knee Tights, 
rrirmed, scroll spangled, $14. Knee Tights, 
V Felvet leaves., and flowers spangled, Sir. 
.iflborine, large size, brass rim aad screws, 
j6. Moccasins, per pair, S2.50. Helmets, 
/.^ach, from S8 to $15. Plain Steel Armor 
lOloth, per yard, $2. Shell Armor Cloth, per 
iyard, §3. Harmonicon, with moutlkpiece, 
-j 54.50. Bones, rosewood, 75 coots per set; 
jebony, S1.25. Burnt Cork, prepared and 
I ready for use, 50 cents a box, or S2 per lb. 
Colored Fire, for tableaux and fairy scenes, 
S2 per lb. Mongolian, in a paste, for Indians, 
etc., per box, 60 cents. Prepared Whiting, for 
clowns, statuary, etc., not afiected by pei'spi- 
ration, per box, 60 cents. Pencils, for eye- 
brows, 60 cents; Pencils, for veins, 60 cents. 
Lightning, per box, 60 cents. Moonlight 
light, for statuarVrCtc. 40 cents oer paciiage. 












HORSE GOODS. 

Jockey Cap, silk, any col- 
or, to order, $3.50. 
Weight Boots, per pair, 
^- from 4 0z. to l^^lb, $5.50 
P.'>ston Reins, $12. 
'folders for Reins, $3.50. 
.3hin Boots, $6. 
Lollin? Bit, $6. 
Derby Bandages, per set 
of four, $5. 
Knee Boots, for protecting above and below 

the knee, $10. 
Tfx> Boots, per pair, $6. 
Spurs, per pair. 
Whips, Gutta Percha, 8 fl:., $4.25; 4 ft., $2. 

MASONIC, ETC. 
Gold Enameled Slipper, S2. Gold Square 




AMERICAN RACE HORSES. 

STEEL ENGRVINGS. 

Size 18x24. Price 60 Cents E.-\.ch. 

Col. W. R. Jshrison, of Virginia, the JSfapoIeoa 

of the Turf, 
Boston. 
Gray Eagle. 
Shark. 
Black Maria. 
John Bascomne, 
Monmouth Eclipsa 

Ripton and Confidence in tlieir celebrated 
Two Mile and Repeat Match over the Ceu- 
treville, L. I., ■Course, in 1842, 
gi5^ rjlmported Leviathan. 
Ph o ^ c i Wagner, 
g c^^ilmported Monarch. 
D >■= ^i Ira ported Hedgeford. 
oot-ITf. Fashion, 

cs^?-- MISCEIiliAWEOUS GOODS, 

Fine Silk Umbrella, So. Fine Silk Umbrella, 
with gold plated cup, $6. Double Nine 

Dominoes, S6 per set. Dice Boxes, leather, 
per pair, 50 cents. Large Ivory Dice, 20 cents 
each. Sporting Knife, with screw, saw, hoof 
digger, etc., $1.50. Hunting Knife, lOin, long, 
$2.50. Bowie Knife, iOin. long, $2.50. 14in. 
Leather Checker Board, $2,50. 15in. Leather 
Checker and Backgammon Board, $4. Rub- 
ber Suit (boots and pants), $15. Pewter 
Mugs (half pints), per dozen, $13. Dog Coup- 
lings, used in coursing, $.3. , Bezique Box, $2. 
Dark Lantern, Sl.oi Signal Lamp, for Mast 
Head, SG. Side Light, for vessels, $7 
Decoy Duck, with movable head, $2.25. Gea- 
uine Bla.ck Thorn Stick, $2. Cuckoo Clock, 
$20 Patent Stilts, per pair, 50 cents. 

Abdomitial Supporters, $6. Shoulder Brace, 
$6. Stockings for Varicose Veins, per pair, 
$6. Ear Trumpets, S2..50, $6 and $10. Res- 
pirator, for consumptives, $2. Loaded 
Dice, three high, thi-ee low, and three square, 
$5 the set; Gym- 
nastic Morocco Slippers, $2.25. Rattlesnake 



and Oompas.«, $3. G.jld Three Links, S2.iGame, or Going Around the Horn, 50 cents. 
Gold ITinters' Composing Stiok, $2.50. Trow- Magic Tobacco Box, 50 cents. Magic Cigar 
el, with coral handle, $3. 'Case, $I.5U 



MISCELLANEOUS GOODS. 




Falling Birds and Stars, falling back when hit. Made for out-door 

' " $5. Set by a rope from stand. 

COMPASSES. 



shooting. Iron, for cap and shot. 
MECHANICAL TARGETS. 




Plain 
Round 18- 
inch Target 
with 12- 
inch iron 
plate, for 
cap and 
shot, comie 
figure ris- 
in g and 
ringing a 
gong when 
bull's-eye is 
hit. Nicely 
painted, sot by a rope from stand, 
$5. Booster, small chick spring- 
ing on his back when bull's-eye 
is hit, iron, for cap and shot, 
14x1 6in., $2.50. Eagle, opening 
his wings and ringing a bell when 
buU's-eye is hit, iron covered, for 
cap and shot, 28x28in. , $6. 



THE ABBOTT POCKET MICROSCOPE 

It examines, in 
focus, whole in- 
sects, bugs or 
worms, alive or 
dead, transpar- 
ent or opaque, 
feet up or down, 
confined in a 
cage — which is a 
part of the in- 
strument— while 
in motion or in 
fixed position 
without harming the insect; also 
for examining seeds, flowers, 
plants, minerals, fabrics, engrav- 
ings, bank notes, etc. Price $1. 







Charm Com- 
gold plat- 
ed.— fin. in di- 
ameter, 50 CiS. ; 
13-16ths in. in 
diameter, fine, 
75cts. Float- 
ING Dial Com- 
pass, for yachts and boating. — ■ 
2iin., brass, each, $1.50. Hint- 
ing AND Fishing Compass — l|in., 
brass, each, $1.25. Hunting-case 
Compass, with stop — 2in., $2.50. 



TURTLE SLEEVE BUTTONS. 

Nickle- 
plated, 50 
cents. 

Magic 
Turtle, all 
alive, a 
great curi- 
osity, at 
30 cents. 

KALEIDESCOPE. 




Elegantly mounted on walnut 
stand, and furnished wirh revolv- 
ing brass Object Box, containing 
transparent tubes filled with 
liquids of the most brilliant col- 
ors. Price, complete, each, $3. 



MINSTEEL AND THEATEIOAL GOODS. 




NX^GRO ]>ONSTREI. GOODS. 
_-^__ BURLESQUE 
"^ )ng-and-Dance 
^HOES (buff), 

SONG-AND-DANCE CAPS, flannel, long 
peak, $1; fine opera flannel, $1.50; 
satin, $2; silk, $2.50. 

PREPARED BURNT CORK, per box, 60c. 
TIGHTS— As Shown in Cut. 

Full length cotton, flesh, 
white per pair, 

$2.50; m fancy colors, 
same style, $3 ; fine worst- 
ed, black, white, or flesh 
color, $4; in fancy col- 
ors, $5. 

Measurements 

1. Around waist. 

2. Full length. 

3. From crotch to heel; 
also, give the length 

. of foot. 

STOCKINGS. iragg 

In any color or colors, long lengths ^^S 
to come over the knee, all wool, . Bag 
per pair, $1. iMw ' 

Extra heavy quahty $1 50 QS 

Fi.ne worsted, plain 2 00 ^S 

Fine worsted, fancy 2 50 ^H 

Worsted, striped 3 50 ^. 

Worsted, striped up & down 9 00 ^^^ 
BONES, per set. Rosewood, 50c., 75c., $1; 
Ebony, $1.25. 

For Musical Instruments, see another page. 
KNEE BREECHES. 
Worsted (various colors), trim- 
med with gold or silver lace, 
per pair, $10. 
Velvet (any color), trimmed, 
fancy scroll, spangled, per 
pair, S15. 

DANCING CLOGS. 
Red or blue, Avith 
jingles, per pair, 

$3. ; black calf- ^ — -ZKJ^' w 
skin, per pair, $4; T ./?' 
black Balmoral, ^*^ '' 

per pair. $5; Sil- .-^^...^ 

ver or gold lea- ^— 

ther, $7; Dutch Clogs, all wood, per 

pair, $3. 






L.E OT ARD 
SHIRTS. 

Worsted Leotard Body 
and Body Shirt, $3.50 
each. 

1. xVround chest under 

arms. 

2. Around hips. 

3. From crotch to neck 




EQUESTRIAN SHIRTS. 

Theatrical Shirts, white, black, or flesh 
color, $2 each; in fancy colors, $2.75; 
fine worsted, black, white, or flesh 
color, $4; in fancy colors, $5. 

THEATRICAIi WIGS. 

^ Measurements. 

No. 1. 
^ ,y » From forehead to 
•;-'' \ nape of neck. 

^*'' ^M ^\ Around the head. 
'^' ^^ - ^ No. 3. 

From ear to ear 

across the crown. 

No. 4. 

From ear to ear 

across forehead. 

Gentlemen's Dress Wigs, with natural 
parting, $10 each; of ordinary color, 
extra red or light, $18 to $20; Bag 
Wig, continental style, $5 ; Bald Wigs, 
according to shade and qu-ality, from 
$5 to $15; Yankee Wig, ordinary col- 
ored hair, $5; Yankee Wig, very light 
or extra red, $10 to $15; Irish Crop 
Wigs, ordinary color, $4.50; Irish Crop 
Wigs, white grey, $4.50; Dutch Char- 
acter Wig (Gus WilUams), $5; Indian 
Wigs, $5; Judge and Jury Wig, $10; 
Clown Wig, $6 ; Pantaloon Wig and 
Beard, $6. 

NEGRO ^WIGS. 

Plantation, or Short Crop, per doz., $12; 
Astrachan ditto, each, $4.50; Hat 
Plush ditto, each, $3; Middle-men or 
End-men, each, $2; Wench or Topsey, 
each, $5; Fright, each, $6; Bald Negro 
Wigs, with whiskers and eyebroM'S, $4, 

.<IOUSTACHE.^. 

Full Beard with Mous- 
taches, $2 to $5. 
Military Whiskers with 
^ Moustaches, $1.50. 

Moustaches or Imperials, 60c. 
Combination Beard, in four parts, which 
can be used for full Beard, Side Whisk- 
ers and Goatee, or Dundreary's, with 
and without Moustache, from $3 to $6. 

COI.ORED FIRES. 

Lightning, per box 50 

Moonlight light, for statuary, pr box 59 

Colored P'ires, any color, in half- 
pound boxes, per box 1 00 

Tableau Lights, for parlor use, any 
bright color, each 25 

Fire-eating Preparation, perfeox... 50 

COSMETICS. 

Prepared Burnt Cork, per bos 50 

Clown White, per b»x 50 

Eyebrow Pencils, each 50 

Mongolian Paste for Indians, per box 59 
Pencils, for veins, each 60 



BMILIi, ^mOKET, MD ^MfET SOOBS. 



BASEBAL.1, GOODS. 




CLUB OUTFITS. 
Outfit No. 1, embracing Shirt, Pants, Cap, 
Belt, Hose, Shoes and Spikes, complete, 
per man, $9. 
Outfit No. 2, same as No. 1, but of in- 
ferior gosds, per min, $7. 
BASEBALLS. 
P. & S. New Treble Ball, red or white, per 

dozen, $15; each, $1.50. 
P. & S. Professional Ball, red or white, 

per dozen, $12; each, $1.25. 
P. & S. Amateur Ball, red or white, per 
dozen, $9; each, $1. 
BATS. 
Ash, Bass, Spruce or Willow, per dozen, 
$2.50; Light American "Willow, half 
polished, per dozen, $5; Sapling Ash, 
' wound and waxed handles, per dozen, 
$6 ; American Willow, loaded at handle 
•with ash, per doz, $8. 

FLANNEL SHIRTS. 

First quality, any 
solid color with 
letter or number 
on shirt, $36 per 
doz. ; $3.25 each. 
Second quality, 
$33 per doz. ; $3 
each. Third qual- 
ity, cheaper style 
offlannel, $27per 
doz. ; $2. 50 each. 
First quality opera-flannel, any color, 
stripe or check, $32 per doz. ; $3,75 each. 

FLANNEL PANTS. 
First qualit}^ of any solid color desired, 
$36 per doz. ; $3.25 per pair. Second 
quality, $32 per doz. ; $3 per pair. 
SHOES. 

Oxford or Low Cut, made 
of fine white canvas, 
with patent spikes, $34 
per doz., $3 per pair. 
Ditto, Avithout spikes, 
$24, $2.25 per pair. Balmoral or high 
cut, made of fine canvas, with leather, 
instep straps, etc., and with patent 
spikes inserted between the soles when 
made. The spikes can be taken out 
and put in the soles in two minutes' 
time, and the shoes worn in the streets 
without injury, $36 per doz., $3.25 
per pair. 

CAPS. 
Leading styles, flannel, anv colors, $6, $8, 
$12, per doz. ; Jockey Club shape, $9, 
$12, $15, per doz. 





STOCKINGS. 
First quality goods, long lengths, 
$10 per doz. pair, $1 per pair. 
Second quality goods, long 
lengths, $6 per doz. pair. Extra 
quality goods, all wool, and 
long lengths. $27 per doz. pair; 
$2.50 per pair. Extra quality 
goods, all wool and long lengths, 
cotton feet, $24 per doz. pair; 
$2.25 per pair. 

BELTS. 



American Union Web, different colors, 
'lYz inches wide, 24 to 36 inches long, 
black leather finish, double straps and 
buckles, $3.50 per doz. 

CRICKIET OOODS. 

Cricket Bats, all patterns, with bag, 

each, $lto..; $12 00 

Cricket Balls from $1. 25 to 4 00 

Wickets or Stumps and Bails, per 

set, from $2. 25 to 3 50 

Leg Guards, from $3. 50 to 6 00 

Knee Pads, per pair 3 25 

Abdominal Protector 2 50 

Open Palm Batting Gloves, per pair 5 00 

Batting Gloves, ordinary tubular. , 8 50 

Wicket-keeping Gauntlets, tubular 5 00 

Long-stop Gloves, per pair 3 50 

Belts, each, from 7oc. to 1 50 

Morocco and Leather Belts, stitched, 

painted names sunk in, $2 to 3 00 

Cricket Score Books, each $2 and. . 3" 00 

CROQUET G5-OODS. per set 

Boxwood.— The most durable set 
made; superior in every respect; 
separate compartments for the 
balls ; with patent design Mallets, 
in chestnut case $15 00 

Beach, or Rock Maple.— Imitation 
Boxwood. This is the best set 
that can be made from these fine 
American woods. Patent design 
Mallets, in chestnut case 9 00 

Rock Maple. — French polished. A 
very handsome and durable set. 
Patent design Mallets 7 50 

Selected Hard Wood. — Thoroughly 
made and varnished ; a handsome 
set; patent design Mallets 6 00 

Hard Wood. — Good selection of 
hard wood; barrel-shape Mallets; 
handsomely striped; full set and 
very durable. Balls and Mallets 
varnished 5 00 

Hard Wood. — Barrel-shape Mallets ; 
substantially made. One of the 
best cheap sets made in this 
country. Balls varnished 4 00 

Hard Wood. — Oil finish 3 00 

Youth's Set. — Good selection of 
hard wood; well made and var- 
nished; strong and durable 4 00 

Youth's Set.— Hard wood ; oil finish 3 00 



ATHIflllTIC I^OOBS. 



SliKKVEIiESS SHIRTS. 

¥ Cotton Tights (no seams), 
solid colors, $30 per 
doz., $2. 75 each. 
Same as above, in stripes, 
$36 per doz., $3. 25 each. 
Extra fine qualities, knit 
from worsted, in solid 
colors, $48 per doz., 
$4.25 each. 
Same as the above, in stripes, $54 per 

doz., $5 each. 
Any of the above, with Initial Letters, 
Anchors, Oars, Stars, etc., extra, $8 
per doz., 75 cents each. 



KNEE TIGHTS. 

Of cotton, solid colors, $27 

per doz., $2.50 each. 

Extra fine quality, knit from 
worsted, in solid colors, $45 
per doz., $4 each. 

Stripes knit in either of the 
above, extra, $3.50 per doz., 
35 cents each. Also imported goods of 
cheaper qualities, furnished when de- 
sired at 20 per cent, less than the 
above prices. 




TRUNKS. 

Cotton, $12 per 

doz., $1.25 each; good 
quality, $18 per doz. , $1. 75 
each; heavy worsted, $24 
per doz., $2.25 each; ex- 
tra fine worsted, $30 per 
dOT., $2.75 each. 




SKUI.I. CAPS. 

Cotton, any colors, $9 per doz., $1 each; 
heavy quality, $12 per doz., $1.25 each: 
fine worsted, $18 per doz., $1.50 each. 



ENGLISH BOATING SHOES. 
White canvas, leather soles, $2.50 per 
pair; white canvas, extra strong rub- 
ber soles, $4 per pair. 



-WHITE CANVAS SlilPPERS 
Low cut, with draw 

strings, $12 per doz. 

pairs ; extra quality, 

with eyelets and laces, $15 per doz. prs. 

GYMNASIUM BELTS. 
English Web, $1; Union Web, fifty cents. 

RUNNING SHOES. 

American Spiked Run- 
ning Shoes (buff), per 
pair, $3.50. 
Best imported Spiked Running Shoes 
(black;, per pair, $7. 



Hydi-aiilic Rowing Macliine. 

Single machine, comfilete and ready for 
use, $30; two machines, one seat, two 
levers, $55; four machines, four seats, 
four levers, $110. 



HEALTH LIFT MACHINE. 

A complete gymnasium for men, women 
and children. Elastic, reactionary and 
cumulative. Price, complete, $30. 



Patent POCKET GYMNASIUM, 

Over fifty dilTerent Excercises can be per- 
formed with this apparatus. No. 1, for 
children from 4 to 6 years, $1; No. 2, 
for children from 6 to 8 years, $1.10; 
No. 3, for children from 8 to 10 years, 
$1.20; No. 4, for children from 10 to 14 
years, $1.30; No. 5, for ladies and child- 
ren 14 years and upward, $1.40; No. 
6, for gentlemen of moderate strength, 
$1.50; No. 7, $2; complete set of seven, 
$9. No. 7. is fitted with a screw-eye 
and hook to attach to the wall or floor. 
Two of this size, properly arranged, 
make a complete gymnasium. 



Improved HORIZONTAL BARS 

For Gymnasium, Stage or Parlor. It can 
be fixed easily in a few minutes in any 
room, and as quickly removed; and is 
adapted for both sexes and all ages. 
The fastenings are most ingeneously 
arranged to adjust the bar to any 
height. Heigtit of upright, eight feet ; 
it can be adjusted as low as four feet, 
and regulated to use from a four to a 
six foot bar. With two pairs of the 
Iron Stanchions, very strong and neat 
Parallel Bars can be made. Horizontal 
Bars made of the best young hickory 
wood, and finely finished. J'riee $1.25, 
$L50, $1.75, $2, $2.25, $2.75, and $3.25 
each. Size, S)^, 4, 43$, 5, b}i, 6, and 
6j4 feet. Price, with everything com- 
plete, $25. 



PULLEY MACHINES. 

101b to lOOib each. No. 1, without 
weights, $20; No. 2, on platform, $25; 
weights for the above, per pound, 6c. 



FENCING STICKS. 
Basket handle, per pair $1 50. 



BOOKS ON ATHLETICS. 

Prof. Wm. Wood's "Manual of Physical 
Exercises," $2. 

Dr. Dio Lewis' " New Gymnastics for Men, 
Women, and Children," 300 illustra- 
tions, $1.75. 

Ed. E. Price's "Treatise on Sparring and 
Wrestling," 75c. 

Kehoe's "Work on Indian Club Eiaer- 
cises," $1.25. 



Ed. James' ''Treatise on Practical Train- 
ing for Running, Walking, Rowing, 
Boxing, Wrestling, Jumping," etc., etc., 
50c. 

Ed. James' "Manual of Sporting Rules," 
governing in and outdoor pa.stijine^, 50w. 




AMERICAN 

BAK 

TEJ\DER, 

containing over 

100 Summer and 

Winter Drinks. 

50 cents. 

HOW TO MIX 

DRINKS. 

BY 

Jerry Thomas. 
130 pages, $1. 



ROLLER SKATES. 

Sixes, 7, 8X, 9X, 10)^, ll^^ia. foot-plate. 
This skate is neater, lighter, and more 
durable than any skate yet offered. The 
foot-plate is of sheet-iron, with mountings 
(well secured) which will not cause pain 
or injury to the feet. The axle runs 
through a steel collar upon which the 
wheel revolves, thereby preventing fric- 
tion. The roller is made of solid vulcan- 



ized rubber, and will not "become soft oi 
peel off when in use. 

Per pair, $2, $3, $4, $4 60. 



CHESS MEN. 



I ^i. I 



Boxwood, 8 sizes, per set, $2 00 to $6 50 
Hardwood, 5 sizes, per set, 1 25 to 3 00 

Bone, 4 sizes, per set 4 00 to 8 00 

Traveling chess-board, mahogany, draw 
out, bone men, small and large, per 
set $4 00 to $6 00 



CHECKER MEN. 
I.ignumvitfe and Boxwood, 1)^ inches. 
black walnut box, per set $1 00 



Bone, l^in., black walnut box 

Checker and Chessmen combined.. 



4 00 
1 50 



DOMINOES. 

Bone, per set $1 00 to $3 00 




CLUB 



STRAPPED, witli.lieel bxitton 

Sizes, 8, 8>^, 9, 9^, 10, 10^, 11, llKin. 
Japanned sheet-iron foot-plates, con- 
verted steel runners, steel heel button 
strapped with broad toe straps. Per 
pair $1 25 



SKATES. 



MEDIUM Q,UAL.ITY. 

Sizes, 8, 8}i, 9, 9^, 10, 10}^, 11, llKin. 
Stamped Eagle, No. 3, well finished, 
blued foot-plate, right and left screw, im- 
proved guides, per pair $2 00 



HALF-ROCKER. 

Sizes, 9, 9K, 10, 10>/, 11 inches. 
Falf-rocker welded steel and iron run- 
ners hardened, French polished beech 
wofflds, mounted with heavy brass heel 
and toe plates, very highly finished, 
pierced for 1% inches, broad toe straps, 
per pair $2 00 



ALL CLAMP STEEL. 

(See cut above.) 
Sizes, 8, 8K, 9, 9K, 10, 10)^, H, HKin. 
In constructing this skate, no new or 
untried mechanical principle for obtain- 
ing the desired motions and power is em- 
ployed. The transverse sliding clamp for 
grasping the sole, operated and held by 
means of pins and sluts, is a mechanical 
device long and successfully employed on 
skates ; which, with the single and direct- 
ly acting heel clamp and loiigitudinal 
screw, malie this the most desirable of all 
clamp skate in the market. All of the 
important parts of these skates are made 
of steel; and the runners are manufac- 
tured of the best welded steel and iron, 
carefully tempered. 

No. 9, Nickel I'lated, per pair $5 50 

No. 8, Blue Top, per pair , 4 50 



NEW YORK CLUB. 

Sizes, 8, 8K, 9, 9K, 10, 10 1-^^, 11, ll>^in. 

Blue finished, steel foot-plate, polished 

runners, same quality and style as nickel 

plated, per pair $3 00 



LADIES' SKATES. 

Sizes, 7, 7K, 8, 8)4, 9, 9)4, 10 inches. 

Monitor pattern, solid post frame skate, 
tempered runners, polished beech woods, 
trimmed with black leather, broad toe 
and heel straps, roller buckles, brass 
plates, per pair $2 00 



Address ED. JAMES, 88 and 90 CEHTTEE STREET, New York City. 



RARK ENGIilSH SPORTING 
PRINTS. 

Westminster Dog Pit, representing a dog fight 

in this famous pit in the last century. Size 

16x22. Price S1.50, 
Crib and Rcsa, two high bred bull dogs. Size 

16x20. Price $1.50. 
Bubble and Squeak, terrier and rat. Size 

18.X20. Price S1.50. 
Rat Catcher, dog killing rats. Size 12x15. 

Price $1.50. 
Cocker and Woodcock. Size 16x13. _ Price §1. 
Spaniel and Wild Duck. Size 16x13. Price SI 
Setter and Grouse-. Size 16x13. ^rice $1. 

Pluck, small' black and tan d'og, with large 

rat. Size 19x24 Price Si.50. 
Bull Broke Loose, bull baiting with dogs in 

the olden time. Size 16x22. Price $1.50. 
Pot and Kettle Race, t^vo dogs with pot and 

kettle tied to then: tails. Size 16x21. Price 

$1.50. 
Pugilist, monkeys as pugilists, with seconds, 

etc. Size 15x16. Price $1.50. 
Duehst, monkeys fighting a dueL Size 15x16. 

Price $1.50. 
Lurcher and Rabbit. Size 16x13. Price $1. 
Eetriever and Pheasant. Size 16x13. Price $1. 
Pointer and Partridge. Size 16x13. Price $1. 
Derby Day. Size 27x50. Price $20. 
English Race Horses, winners of the Derby 

and Ascot, beautifully colored. Size 18x22. 

Price^ga, 



lilVE STOCK. 






THE SET-TO. 

Two Game Fowl m the act of fighting, beau- 
tifully colored lithograph. Size 14x18 
Price 50 cents. 



DR. COOPER'S GREAT WORK 



GAME FOWL,. 

Over 300 pages, with two elesant chromos. 
Price $5. 



PIGEON SHOOTING PliATE. 



Below are given prices of birds, animal.?, 
etc. (express charges not included), which in- 
variablj" have to be prepaid bj' express and 
monej' forwarded in advance. No Uve stock 
sent C. 0. D. 

Maltese Cat $10 00 

6H) Black and Tan Terrier 40 00 

Sft do 25 00 

Bull Terrier, from $25 to 100 00 

Italian Greyhound, from 30 to 75 00 

Scotch Terrier, from 20 to 50 OO 

Skve Terrier, from 20 to 50 00 

Newfoundland, from 30 to 100 00 

Coach Dog 35 00 

Retriever, from 25 00 

Fox Hound 40 00 

Setter 40 00 

Pointer 40 Oa 

Beagle Hound 40 0(1 

Ferrets, per pair 30 OO 

Game Fowl, $10 each, or the trio 25 00 

Parrot, from $12 to 50 00 

Parroquet 8 0(« 

Cock of the Rock 75 Oft' 

Silver Pheasant and Hen, per pair 50 00 

Monkey, from $15 to 25 00 

Canary, from 5 to 10 09 

Anaconda Snake, from 50 09 

Cockatoo, from 20 09 

Mocking Bird, from 25 09 

VETERINARY INSTRU- 
MENTS. 
Metal Horse Syringes, 24. 36 and 48 oz., 

$3 50, $4 50, 85 5(1 

Brass Horse Svringes 13 Ofl 

Reed's Patent In.iection Pump, be?t 35 00 

Reed's Patent Injection Pump, plain ... 23 00 

Eng^ish Imported Horse Tooth Rasp 5 00 

English Imported Horse Tooth Rasp, 

guarded 6 25 

Two Fold Case Veterinary Instruments. 18 00 
Three Fold Case Veterinary Instrum'ts. 27 00 
Pricking Knives, 1, 2 and 3 blade, plain. 
J' $2 50, $,S 25 and $4 OO 

Pricking Knives, 1, 2 and 3 blade, spring 

back $2 75, $3 50 and 4 25 

Castrating Clamps $4 00 and 10 OO 

Castrating Eraseur 17 OO 

[Set of Hobbles 35 00 

Firing Irons 3 00 

Balling Guns, wood 2 50 

Balling Guns, brass 3 50 

Elastic Horse Catheders 3 OO 

Metalic Horse Catheders 3 00 



The Gi-eat Championship Pigeon Shooting ^„^^„ v^„,ii^o r^1o5r. 
Match between John Taylo? and William l^^^^^n ^eedles,plam 
Seeds, the "Jersey Boy," sriving portraits ofi'?f,^°ii'^?^^'^|' i o'«!fJo'V,i^/it 
over 50 celebrated shots! tinted lithograph. ^""^^^ Fleams, 1, 2 and 3 Wades. ._ 
Size 28x48. Price $2.50. Beautifully col 
ored, price $3.50. 



Si 25 and 



1 75 
4 25 



SPORTING WORKS. 

American Racing Calendar. SI. 



Racing Rules, 50 cents. 

Trotting Rules, 50 cents. 

Frank Forrester's Horse of America, 2 vOiS., 
$15. 

Pigeons: their Variety, Management, Breed- 
ing and Diseasse. By Hugh Piper. 75 cents. 

Sweet's Elements of Draughts, for beginners. 
60 cents. 

Sweet's Bead> Reckoner. 50 cents. 



2 25, $2 75 and 3 25 

Tracheotomy Tubes, metal 7 50 

Tracheotomy Tubes, hard rubber 5 25 

Spring Lancets 3 25 

Tooth Forceps, from 6 00 

•Clipping Shears $1 75 and 2 25 

lipping Combs, horn 75 

Clipping Combs, steel 75 

Apparatus for Ringing with gas . .$6 50, 18 00 
Apparatus for Singing, with alcohol , . 

S2 50 5 00 

Trocars and Canulus .' 3 75 

Hvpoderme Svringes S3 75 and 6 00 

Silver Milk Tubes 2 00 

Horse Muzzle 7 50 

Small Nippers 2 25 

Baldwin Bit ' $2 50 to 5 00 

Bit to Prevent Wind Sucking 3 00 



MUSICAL INSTEUIENTS. 



BANJOS. 

All Banjos liere described are 11 inches 
iu diameter. Each 

Tack head, sheepskin, with walnut 

handle $2 50 

6 plain screws, slaeepskin, walnut 

handle, iron hoop 3 25 

6 eagle brackets, sheepskin, wal- 
nut handle, brass hoop 5 00 

6 eagle brackets, calfskin, walnut 

handle, brass hoop 6 00 

10 eagle brackets, stained rim, calf- 
skin, walnut handle, brass hoop 7 00 
8 shields, stained rim, rosewood 

veneered handle 8 00 

PROFESSIONAL BANJOS. 

10 brackets, fine head, fret, walnut Each. 
handle, and oak rim $8 50 

16 brackets, fine calf head, walnut 

handle, oak rim 10 50 

16 brackets, polished veneered rose- 
wood handle and rim 12 50 

1,6 brackets, extra fine rosewood 

veneered handle and rim.... ,. 15 00 

16 brackets, extra fine solid rose- 
wood handle aud veneered rim 21 00 

10 brackets, German silver rim, 
lined with wood inside, walnut 
fretted handle 13 00 

16 brackets, German silver rim, 
lined with wood inside, walnut 
fretted handle 15 00 

16 brackets, German silver rim, 
lined with wood inside, inlaid 
handles 13 00 

18 brackets, German .silver rim, 
lined with wood inside, soUd 
rosewood 25 00 



DOBSON'S 
"mPEOVED PATENT BANJOS," 

jsj-Q^ Patented February, 1873. Each. 

400 8 screws, im. rosewood rim, 

cherry neck, brass trimmings. $7 60 

405 10 screws, im. rosewood rim, 

walnut neck, brass trimmings. 8 50 

410 12 screws, im. rosewood rim, 

cherry neck, brass trimmings. 9 50 

415 14 screws, im. rosewood rim, 
walnut neck, fretted brass trim- 
mings 10 50 

425 14 screws, im. rosewood rim, 

nickel plated trimmings 15 00 

430 16 screws, im. rosewood rim, 

nickel plated trimmings 17 00 

435 20 screws, rosewood rim, nick- 
el plated trimmings 21 00 

440 20 screws, inlaid rosewood rim, 

nickel plated trJi^uiings 24 00 



445 20 screws, inlaid rosewood rim, Each. 
nickel plated trimmings, metal 

tailpiece 30 00 

450 20 screws, inlaid rosewood rim, 
nickel plated trimmings, cover- 
ed back 30 00 

455 20 screws, brass rim, new style, 

with nuts inside.... „ 21 00 

460>^ 20 screws, brasa extra fine 

rim, nickel plated trimmings. . 25 00 
465 20 screws, German silver rim, 

nickel plated trimmings 25 00 

470 20 screws, German silver rim, 

nickel plated trimmings 30 00 

475 20 screws, German silver rim, 

new style, with nuts inside. . . . 25 00 
The patent consists mainly in the ap- 
plication of an entirely new style of screw 
and clamp, the latter catching upon the 
metal hoop, and the screw passing through 
it and into a solid ash rim, forming for 
itself a thread almost as durable as one 
of metal, and producing an equal and 
powerful pressure upon the flesh hoop. 

The advantages of this banjo over all 
former patents are many, and comprise, 
mainly, a power of tone never before at- 
tained in a low-priced banjo; extreme 
lightness, durability, and an attractive 
appearance, which assures the dealer of 
a ready sale. 

On ALL these Banjos we use the best 
quality French calf head, Italian strings, 
and thoroughly seasoned wood for the 
necks and rims. 




TAMBOURINES. 

TACK-HEAD TAMBOURINES. Ea^h. 

10 inch, sheepskin $1 50 

12 inch, sheepskin 2 50 

10 inch, calfskin, stained rim 3 00 

12iach, calfskin, stained rim 3 50 

10 inch, calfskin, wooden rim lined 

with brass 4 50 

12 inch, calfskin, wooden rim lined 

with German silver 6 00 

SCREW-HEAD TAMBOURINES. 

10 inch, plain, sheepskin, iron trim- 
mings 2 00 

12 inch, plain, sheepskin, iron trim- 
mings 2 75 

10 inch, calfskin, painted, brass 

trimmings 3 50 

12 inch, calfskin, painted, brass 

trimmings 4 25 

10 inch, handsomely painted, calf- 
skin, v,'ith fancy gilt trimmings 5 00 

12 inch, handsomely painted, calf- 
skin, brass trimmings 5 76 



ED. JAMES' STANDARD SPORTING SERIES. 

HEALTH, STRENGTH, AND MUSCLE, 

with Cures for various Diseases, Proportions of a perfect Human Figure, Measure- 
ments of Noted Athletes, Remarkable Feats of Muscular Strength, Description of 
the Muscular S.vstem, Nutrition and Digestion, Food, Air, Exei'cise, Stimulants, 
etc., etc. Sent prepaid by mail for fifty cents. 

DUMB°BELL AND OLUB^SWINGER'S MANUAL, 

Containing- all the Movements and What Muscles they Develop, with upwards of 
thirty-six illustrative figures and portraits, original and engraved expressly for this 
work. Sent by mail on receipt of thirty cents. 

Practical Training for Running, Walking, 

Rowing,"Wrestling, Boxing, Jumping, and all kinds of Athletic Feats, Banting's System 
of Reducing Corpulency, Record of best Athletic Performances, Proportional Measure- 
ments according to Height and Weight, etc. Price, by mail, prepaid, fifty cents. 

TTTR COMPLETE E[AJNI>BOOK^ 

OP 

BOXING AND WRESTLING; 

with full and simple Directions on Acquiring these Useful, Invigorating, and 
Health -giving Arts. Illustrated with Mtj original Engravings and Portraita. 
Prick Fifty Cents, prepaid by mail. 

. THE 0-JLM.-E COCK. 

How to Breed, Feed, Train, Eandle,fthe Cocking Rules, etc. By Ed. Jamea 
Heel and Trim ; Treatment and Cure of Illustrated, cloth, by mail, $1 25 
Diseases, Cockers' Tricks Exposed, and all) 

TERRIER DOGS, ETC. 

How to Breed, Crop, Physic, etc., with 
Points and Properties ; Rats and Rat Kill- 
ing, Ratting, Badger Baiting and Dog 
Fighting Rules, How to Train for the Pit, 

MANUAL OF SPORTING RULES, 

COMPRISING THE LATEST AND BEST AUTHENTICATED REVISED RULES 

GOVERNING 
Trap Shooting, Canine, Ratting, Badger jSwimming, Foot Ball, Pin Pool, Fifteen 



Dog Fighters' Tricks Exposed, Avith a 
chapter Teaching Dogs Tricks. By Ed. 
James. Cloth, illustrated, price $1. 



Baiting, Cock Fighting, the Prize Ring,|Ball Pool,' Scottish Games, Ten Pins. 

Wrestling, Running, ^Valking, Jumping, ISkating, Curling etc - ' - 

Knurr and Spell, La Crosse, Boating, {States, Canadas 'and Great Britain By 



For the United 



Bagatelle Archery, Rifle and Pistol Srtoot- Ed. James. Illustrated. Paper, by maiL 
mg, fehulTle Board, Shinnv, Quoits, Skit-!prepaid, 50 cents- ^ > ^ j 

ties, Hand Ball, Rackets, Fly Casting,] 

T33.e Modern Oarssnazi; 

Teaching how to Row, Scull, Steer, Slide, Trim. Sit, Feather, etc. Also, 
Record of Important Sculling Matches In both Hemispheres, Portraits oX 
Noted Oarsmen, Boating Rules, etc Price Fifty Cents. 

PUBLISHED BY 

ED. JAMES, 88 AND 90 CENTRE STREET, NEW YORK, 

NEW YOEK CLIPi^ER BUILDINa. 



EB. JAMES' PWQIMSTIC? BEBIES 

Illustrated Life and Battles of 

JACK UKNM flljlj, 

known as The Prime Irish Lad. with full account of his battles with 
Leonard, Jack Payne, Walton, Dodd, Ugly Boruk, Dick West, Harry 
Holt, Aby Belasco, Burke, Joe Parish, JDan McCarthy, Ned Turner 
and Jack Martin, containing portraits from steel plates. Price, 25c. 
Illustrated Life and Battles of 

Champion of Ireland, who defeated Tom Hall, George Cooper and 
Tom Oliver, being knighted for his bravery, with portraits from orig- 
inal steel plates. Price, 25c. 
Illustrated Life and Battles of 

JOIIM MOMIISSIJY, 

Conqueror of Heenan, Sullivan and Thompson; his turn-up with Bill 
Poole; Senator and Member of Congress, with portraits. Price, 25c. 
Illustrated Life and Battles of 

J€>H.M C5. HEEMAM, 

containing full accounts of his International fights between Som 
Sayers aT>d Tom King, etc., with portraits. Price, 25c. 
Illustrated Life and Battles of 

AU about his great $10,000 championship battle with Yankee Sulli- 
van; contest with Country McCluskey, etc. Four cuts. Price, 25c. 

€IlAMFi4>^S &W 1:M«SE(ASI1>. 

from the year 1700 to the present time, containing Authentic Eecords, 
Anecdotes, Personal Recollections, etc., etc., with 30 eugravings, 
from original portraits by Ed. James. Price, 50 cents. 
Illustrated Infe and Battles of 

YAWKS2E SUlL,IjI¥A5f. 

including his Convict Life and Prize Fights in Australia, fights with 
Hammer Lane, Yince Hammond, Tom Secor, Billy Bell, Bob Caunt, 
Tom Hyer and John Morrissey, down to his assassination in CaUfor- 
nia. Price, 25 cents. 

The Life and Adventures of 

HEM M€>©AH. 

who delights in being looked upon as the Wickedest Man in the 
World. Containing a full account of his thrilling and remarkable 
experience, together with a complete report of his triumphs in the 
Prize Eing, and his career in the Oil Eegions, in the Far West, and 
on the sea. Dluscrated proiiisely ; 300 pages. Price, 50 cents. 



HEEMI AND SAYERS FIGHT . 

for £200 a side and the Championsliip of the World. 

tJcmtaining 250 portraits from life of the pugilistic celebrities and 

sporting men of the day. 

Framing size, 22x28. 

Price, with key-plate included (unframed), $3 

When sent by mail 50c. additional required for postage, etc. 

Fliot€>^FapIig of Piigilistg, Ktc. 

Imperial size, taken from life. Price, 35 cents each. 

Joe Goss, Paddy Ryan, George Rooke, 

Mike Donovan, Dooney Hariis, Johnny Dwyer, 

Billy Edwards, Arthur Chambers, Wm. C. McClennan, 

Jim Murrav, Mike Cobum, Dick Goodwin, 

Patsy Sheppard, Ed. McGlinchy, Frank White, 

Edwin Bibby, Prof. Bauer, 

Ed. Hanlan, John Morrissey, 

Wm. Muldoon, John McMahon, Matt Grace, 

Jimmy Kelly. 
No other photographs of pugilists for sale. 

DAN" DONNELLY'S Life and Battles, profusely illustrated 25 cents 

JOHN MORRISSEY'S Life and Battles, with, portraits 25 cents 

JOHN C. HEENAN'S Life and Battles, with portraits 25 cents 

TOM HYER'S Life and Battles, with portraits 25 cents 

PUGIIilSTICA, 

or the History of British Boxing for 144 years. Published in month- 
ly parts. This work, illustrated, was commenced in March, 1880, 
and is issued every month. Price, per part, 50c . 

GAME FOiri^S, 

Their Origin and History, with a Description of the Breeds, 
Strains and Crosses; The Ameiican and English Modes of Feeding, 
Training and Heelinsr; How to Breed and Cross, Improving Qualities 
and Preserving Feather, together with a Description and Treatment 
ot all Diseases incident to Game Fowls. Illustrated with two beauti- 
ful chromos of a cut out G-ame Cock and Game Cock in full feather. 
Over 300 pages. By Dr. J. W. Cooler. Eltgantly bound in cloth 
and gilt. Price, per copy, $5 00. 

Containing fuU instructions for everything appertaining to the busi- 
ness, with specimen programmes, stump speeches, end-men's gags, 
etc. , etc. Illustrated with characters, scenes and f)ortraits. Price, 
25 cents. Address 

ED. JAMES, Clipper Building, 88 and 90 Centre st., New lork. 



ED. JAMES' PRICE LIST. 




YACHTS, Etc. 



SIZE, 14x18. PRICE 25 CTS. EACH. 



Meteor, 

Dauntless, 

Henriitta, 

Vesta, 

Fleetwing, 
Cambria. 
Yacht Race for the Queen's Cup, 1870. 
Sappho and Livonia Yacht Race Cup of 

1870. 
Little Ship Red, White and Blue. 
Ship Great Republic. 
Steamship Great Eastern. 
The R. E. Lee aod Natchez Race. 
Race on the Mississippi. 
Ice Boat Race on tlie Hudson. 
Boat Race — Rowing. 
New York Ferry Boat. 




PUGILISTIC 
CELEBRITIES, 



SIZE, 17x21, 



33 COLORED, 




pitJCE: 



1 EJ^CH. 




HORSE PICTURES. 



PRICE 20 CENTS 
Lucille Oolddust, 
Prospero, 
Frank, 
R a r u s and G r o a 

Eastern, 
Trotters on the Snow 
Parole, saddle, 
Sweetzer, 
Ethan Allen, 
Dexter, 

Goldsmith Maid, 
Lucy, 

American Girl. 
Dexter vs. Butler, 
Gloster, 
Red Cloud. 
Smuggler, 
Camors, 

Fleety Golddnst, 
Nettie, 

Mambrino Gift, • 
Lula, 
Bodine, 
May Queen, 
Sensation, 
Gov. Sprague, 



EACH, OR 6 FOR $1. 

Henry, 

Lady Thorn, 

Dutchman, 

Lady Fallon, 

Hambletonian, 

Flora Temple, 

Occident, 

Harry Bassett, 

Longfellow, 

Molfie McCarthy, 

Edwin Forrest, 

Lucille, 

Croxie. 
I Sam Purdy, 
' Blackwood, Jr. 
, Hopeful, 

Lady Maud, 

Rarus, i 

Bella, 

Srausf£jler vs. Fuller- 
ton. 

Great Eastern, 

Ten Broeck, 

Tom Ochiltree, 

Jay Gould, 

H'lnnis, 



JOHN C. HEENAN,i JAIVIES IWACE, 
rOIVS SAYERS, j TOiVi PADDOCK, 
NAT LANGHAIVI, | WiVI. EDWARDS, 
ARTHUR CHAIVIBERS. 
JOHN J. LWYER. 

'* MAJCIR." 

SIZE, 25x31, COLORED, 
Price ^1.3^5. eaclx. 

8® AMERICAN FISTIANA. 

Containing rounds, etc., of principal 
Prize Fights from 1816 to date. 160 
pages. By mail, 50 cts. 

PIG PAPE AND DOG CRIB, 

.Vs they appeared in their celebrated figh:; 
in New York /x March, 1849, with por- 
traits of ha jlers and celebrities. Size, 
17x2L Price 50 cts. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

SIZE, 14x18. PRICE 25 CTS. EACH. 

iJurnmg of Chicago. 

East River Bridge, New York. 

Family Register. 

Royal Family of Prussia. 

Talked to Death. 

Dolly Varden, 

Burns and Highland Mary. 

Byron in the Highlands. 

Family Photographic Tree. 

Tomb and Shade of Napoleoa. 

Assassination of Lincoln. 

View of New York City. 

Daniel O'Connell. 

Robert Emmett. 

The Setter Dog. 

The Pointer Dog. 

Empress Eugenie. 

Royal Family of England. 

The Broken Slate (for bar rooms). 

The Heathen Chinee. 



Walter Browa and James Hamill's Great Sculling Matcli, 25x33. 
Price, $3. 

A Modem College Scull, 17x21. Price, 50 cents. 
_ Amateur Muscle in the SheU, 17x21. Price, 50 cents. 




PORTRfillSOFTHEGBEATTRDnERS 

Size, 25x23. Price, $3. 

Goldsmitli Maid, to sulky, 2.14. 
Lula, to sulky, 2. 15. 
Smuggler, to sulky, 2.15i. 
American Girl, to sulky, 2.16 s. 
Occident, to sulky, 2.16|. 
Hopeful, to sulky, driven by Mace, 

2.171. 
Judge Fullerton, to sulky, 2.19. 
Eed Cloud, to sulky, 2.18. 
Lucy, to sulky, 2.18|. 
Lady Tliom, to -wagon, 2.24; to 

sulky, 2. 18|. 
Music, to sulky, 2.21-1-. 
Thos. Jefferson, to sulky, 2.23. 
George Wilkes, to sulky, 2.22. 
Joe Elliott, to sulky, 2.15|. 
Tom Moore, to sulky, 2.31, 
Dan Rice, better known us Ehode 

Isl'd, to wagon, 2.81^;s'ky. 2.23i 
Trustee, to sulky, twenty miles in 

59min. 35^sec. 
Barus, to sulky. 
Barus to sulky, and Great Eastern 

to saddle. 

Size, 22x28. Price, $1.50. 

Com. Yanderbilt, to wagon. 
Jack Eossiter, to fculky. 



RUNNING HORSES. 

Harrry Bassett, with jockey wait- 
ing for the signal ; size 25x33. 
Price, $3. 



Petonia and Fashion running 
their great race May 13, 1845 ; 
size, 25x33. Price, $3. 

Plying Dutchman and Volti- 
geur, running race ; size, 22x28. 
Price, $2. 

Road and Track Scenes. 

Size 26x36, ench $4.00. 

A Stopping Place on the Road. 

Trotting Cracks at Home— A Model 

Stable. 
Trotting Cracks at the Forge. 
Going to the Trot— A Good Day and Good 

Track. 
Coming from the Trot— " Sports " on 

'• Hotnestretch." 
Fast Trotters on " Harlem Lane." 
Speeding on the Avenue. 
A Brush for the Lead, Now York "Flyers' 

on Snow. 
First Trot of the Season— To go as they 

please. 

Size 25x33, ench $3.0C 

Scoring— Coming up for the Woi 
A Brush on the Homestretch. 
Won by a Neck. 
Trotting Cracks on the Snow. 

Famous Trotting Horses. 

Size 25x33, each $H.OO. 

The King of the Road, Dexter and Bon- 
ner. 
American Girl, and Lady Thorn. 
Goldsmith Maid, and American QlrL 



Billy Bovce— Pacer. To Saddle, 2:14JI^. 
Dexter— To Sulky, 2:174. 



ED. JAMES' PRICE LIST, 



Monk $ 5.50 

King Lear Wig and Beard 12.00 

Clown Wigs 

By sending the size of Hat -wom, a good 
fit can be obtained. 

Beards, Moustaches, Etc. 

Full Beard $3.00 

Extra Ions? 4.00 

Side Whiskers and Moustache, on 

wire. 
Side Whiskers and Moustache, on 

gauze 3.00 

Moustaches, all colors, each 60 

Imperials fiO 

Banjos. 

stage Banjo, 14 Screws $15.00 

Solo Banjo, 15 Screws 18.00 

Rosewood Banjo, 16 Screws 25.00 

Solid Rosewood Banjo, 16 Screws.. 35.00 
Silver Plated, 16 Scrc-ws 45.00 

Sundries. 

Tamborines^ 

Violins, from lO.OO 

Accoi'deons, • . * 

Concertinas, 

Mouth Harmonicons, 32 Holes. 

Best Ebony or Eosewood Bones, 

Triangles, each 1.50 

Burnt Cork, the Receipt for mak- 
ing it 26 

Magic Lanterns, from 2.00 

Albums, for m Cartes 2.00 

Albums, with 50 Cartes of Celebri- 
ties 4.00 

Ivory Sleeve Buttons— Horse, Dog, 
Stag, Erog, Turtle, Owl, and Egyptian 
Heads, with glass eyes, per pair. . . 75c. 

p!l§^^^ Faro and 
'^Mf&^i. Keno Goods 
Etc. 



Ivory Faro Checks. 

FIRST QUALITY. 

\yi in., plain, per hundred $35.00 

lA " " " •' 37.50 

\% " " " " 40.00 

1>^ " fancy, " " 37.60 

1» " " " « 40.00 

1^ •* '♦ ** •* 42.50 

SECOND QUALITY. 

IrV in., plain, per hundred 27.50 

jT? u'^« .« « 30.00 

IJc « « « " 32.50 

\% " " " ♦' 35.00 

\)i " fancy, " " 32..'50 

19 " " " " 35.00 

\y^ " «' " " 37.50 

Coppers, Splits and Markers included. 
Brolcen Setts of Checks filfed up at short 
notice. 




Welling's Patent 
Compressed 

Ivory Faro Checks. 

Pltiin \}i inch, per hundred $10.00 

•• \% « " " 11.50 

Lined \)i " «* " 11.60 

\% " " " 13.00 

Engraved 1)^ in. ♦« " 13.00 

" \% " « " 16.00 

Plain XYi in. pr. set of six hundred 50.00 

•' 1^ " " " " eo.oo 

Lined 1>^ " •• " " 60.00 

i. 1% .. M M .t 70.00 

Engraved 1>^ in. " «* " 80.00 

« 1^ " «• « «• 90.00 

Poker Chips. 

rVOBY. 

1 Inch. per hundred, $10.00 

\% « " 12.00 

lY " " 15.00 

\% *« " 16.00 

Either red, blue or white. 



I in., 

Ijtf " plain. 



BOHE. 

per hundred, 



S.00 



4.00 
6.00 
8.00 
10.00 
4.00 



7.00 



cut to measure, 
1>^ « " 

] y- t« i« «< 

1% " «• «« 

1^ *• " " 

Boston Counters, per set 

Welling's Patent 
Compressed 

Ivory Poker Chips. 
Poker Chips, pr.eetof six hundred,) 



Parties sending for Poker Chips will 
please specify the number wanted Of 
each color. 

Faro Boxes and Tools. 

Square Dealing Faro Box, fine make, 

German Silver, extra heavy.... $25.00 

Card Punches, steel 4.00 

Card Punches, silver, with hinge. . 10.00 
Trimming Shears, double edged 

Cutter 35.00 

Trimming Shears, Knife small.... 20.00 
Trimming Shears, Knife large.... 50.00 
Stripper Plates, to use with Knife, 

per set 5.00 

Card Press, without cover 6.00 

Card Press, with slide cover, com- 
partment for dealing Box, lock 

and key : 10.00 

The same, to hold a dozen packs. 

Double 14.00 

Case Keepers, Cards, Wooden 

markers 12.00 

Case Keepers, Cards, Composition 

markers 15.00 

Square Props, per set, 4 in a set.... 3.00 
Case Keepers, finest painted Ivory 

markers 25.00 



^W—B^P 



^ LIBRARY OF C0NJ5,'J,!|||,, • 

£D. JAMES' STANDARD SPORTI l||l||||ll|||llllllllllillllllllllll 

r -" 029 726 844 2 




iMik 



